Korean · TOPIK Band 1 · Chapter 1
안녕하세요Hello
The basic Hangul vowels and consonants, and how syllable blocks are built. Learn to say "Hello". No grammar point yet — this is a Hangul reading-foundation chapter.
Dialogue
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인사하기— Saying Hello
- Minsu안녕하세요!Hello!
- Jieun안녕하세요!Hello!
Dialogue
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헤어질 때— Saying Goodbye
- Michael안녕히계세요!Goodbye! (said to the person staying)
- Jieun안녕히가세요!Goodbye! (said to the person leaving)
Vocabulary
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- 안녕하세요
interjectionhello
- 안녕히가세요
interjectiongoodbye (to one leaving)
- 안녕히계세요
interjectiongoodbye (to one staying)
- 네
adverbyes
- 아니요
adverbno
- 잘
adverbwell
Hangul
i
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한글: 모음과 자음— Hangul: Vowels and Consonants
Hangul vowels are built from horizontal strokes, vertical strokes, and dots. First learn the six basic vowels, then four "y"-glide vowels.
- ㅏalike the "a" in "father" · mouth open, vertical line + dot on the right
- ㅓeolike the "u" in "but" · vertical line + dot on the left
- ㅗolike the "o" in "more" · horizontal line + dot on top, lips rounded
- ㅜulike the "oo" in "boot" · horizontal line + dot below, lips rounded
- ㅡeuno English equivalent — say "oo" with unrounded, spread lips · single horizontal line, lips spread flat
- ㅣilike the "ee" in "see" · single vertical line, lips spread wide
- ㅑyalike "ya" in "yard" · ㅏ with two dots
- ㅕyeolike "yu" in "young" · ㅓ with two dots
- ㅛyolike "yo" in "yoga" · ㅗ with two dots
- ㅠyulike "you" · ㅜ with two dots
The consonant shapes imitate the mouth and tongue making the sound. Today learn five consonants, plus the silent ㅇ. Korean consonants shift sound slightly depending on position.
- ㄱg / kbetween "g" in "go" and "k" in "ski" · back of tongue at the soft palate
- ㄴnlike "n" in "no" · tongue tip behind upper teeth
- ㄷd / tbetween "d" in "do" and "t" in "stop" · tongue tip at the ridge behind teeth
- ㄹr / la soft flap between "r" and "l" — like the "tt" in American "butter" · tongue tip taps the ridge (flap)
- ㅁmlike "m" in "me" · lips together, voice through nose
- ㅇsilent / ngsilent as an initial (아 = "a"); "ng" as a final (강 = "gang") · a circle — placeholder at the start, "ng" at the end
Hangul groups a consonant and a vowel into one square to make a syllable block. Vertical vowels (ㅏㅣ) go to the right of the consonant; horizontal vowels (ㅗㅜㅡ) go below it.
Now let's read the first greeting one syllable at a time:
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