Spanish · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 12
Tengo dos gatosI have two cats
The plural in Spanish: add "-s" after a vowel (gato → gatos) or "-es" after a consonant (papel → papeles). The article and adjective agree in gender and number: los gatos negros, unas mesas pequeñas. Everyday objects: gato, perro, libro, mesa, silla, vaso, bolígrafo, bolso, cosa, muchos.
Dialogue
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¿Gato o gatos?— gato or gatos?
- LucíaMike, ¿tienes animales?Mike, do you have pets?
- MikeSí, tengo dos gato.Yes, I have two cat. (slip: plural needs "-s" — say "dos gatos")
- LucíaDos gatos, con "-s". Es plural.Dos gatos, with "-s". It's plural.
- MikeClaro: tengo dos gatos y muchos libros.Right: I have two cats and many books.
Dialogue
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Cosas en la mesa— Things on the Table
- CarlosLucía, ¿qué tienes en el bolso?Lucía, what do you have in your bag?
- LucíaTengo tres libros y dos bolígrafos.I have three books and two pens.
- CarlosY muchas cosas en la mesa: vasos, sillas…And many things on the table: glasses, chairs…
- LucíaSí, tenemos muchas cosas.Yes, we have many things.
Vocabulary
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- gato
n.m.cat (m)
- perro
n.m.dog (m)
- libro
n.m.book (m)
- mesa
n.f.table (f)
- silla
n.f.chair (f)
- vaso
n.m.glass (m)
- bolígrafo
n.m.pen (m)
- bolso
n.m.bag (m)
- cosa
n.f.thing (f)
- muchos
adjectivemany
Grammar
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Plural and agreement
Explanation
The plural adds "-s" after a vowel: gato → gatos, mesa → mesas. After a consonant it adds "-es": papel → papeles, profesor → profesores. The core rule of Spanish: when the noun is plural, the article and adjective are too, and they keep the gender. un gato → unos gatos; la mesa pequeña → las mesas pequeñas; el libro → los libros. The number goes before the plural noun: dos gatos, muchos libros, tres sillas. The typical English mistake is dropping the "-s": "dos gato" instead of "dos gatos".
Examples
- Tengo dos gatos y un perro.I have two cats and a dog.
- Las mesas son grandes.The tables are big.
- Tengo muchos libros.I have many books.
- Unas sillas pequeñas y dos vasos.Some small chairs and two glasses.
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