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Study in the app →Spanish · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 23
La ropa 衣服
衣服和尺码。词汇：la ropa、la camiseta、los pantalones、los zapatos、el vestido、la talla、el color、rojo、azul、negro。要点：颜色形容词在性和数上与衣物一致：la camiseta ROJA、el vestido ROJO、los pantalones NEGROS、las camisetas ROJAS。说英语的人不变形容词（「la camiseta rojo」✗ →「la camiseta roja」✓）。「Azul」不随性变化（azul/azules）。问尺码：「¿Qué talla?」。文化角：市场、讨价还价与付款。
Dialogue
roja / rojo
- Vendedora ¿Qué camiseta quieres? 你想要哪件T恤？
- Mike Quiero la camiseta rojo. 我想要那件红色T恤。（口误：camiseta 是阴性——应说「roja」）
- Vendedora "La camiseta roja" — el color concuerda con "camiseta". 「La camiseta roja」——颜色与「camiseta」一致。
- Mike Ah, quiero la camiseta roja y los pantalones negros. 啊，我想要那件红色T恤和黑裤子。
Dialogue
Un vestido azul — 一条蓝裙子
- Vendedora Buenos días. ¿Qué desea? 早上好。您要什么？
- Lucía Necesito un vestido azul. ¿Qué talla tiene? 我需要一条蓝裙子。您有什么尺码？
- Vendedora Tengo la talla pequeña y la grande. Cuesta treinta euros. 我有小号和大号。三十欧元。
- Lucía Es bonito. Quiero la talla pequeña, gracias. 很好看。我要小号，谢谢。
Vocabulary
- ropa
-
n.f. 衣服（阴）
- camiseta
-
n.f. T恤（阴）
- pantalones
-
n.m.pl 裤子（阳复）
- zapatos
-
n.m.pl 鞋（阳复）
- vestido
-
n.m. 连衣裙（阳）
- talla
-
n.f. 尺码（阴）
- color
-
n.m. 颜色（阳）
- rojo
-
adjective 红色（roja/rojos/rojas）
- azul
-
adjective 蓝色（azul/azules）
- negro
-
adjective 黑色（negra/negros/negras）
Grammar
颜色一致（roja / rojo）
Explanation
颜色形容词在性和数上与名词一致，放在名词之后。「Rojo」有四种形式：rojo（阳）、roja（阴）、rojos（阳复）、rojas（阴复）：el vestido ROJO、la camiseta ROJA、los zapatos ROJOS、las camisetas ROJAS。「Negro」相同：negro/negra/negros/negras。但「azul」不随性变，只随数：azul（单）、azules（复）——el vestido AZUL、la camiseta AZUL、los pantalones AZULES。说英语的人保持形容词不变：「la camiseta rojo」✗ →「la camiseta roja」✓。尺码：「¿Qué talla?」「la talla grande / pequeña」。
Examples
- Quiero una camiseta roja. 我想要一件红色T恤。
- Los pantalones negros cuestan veinte euros. 黑裤子二十欧元。
- ¿De qué color es el vestido? — Es azul. 这条裙子什么颜色？——蓝色。
- Necesito la talla grande. 我需要大号。
Culture
Mercados, regateo y pagar 市场、讨价还价与付款
在西班牙或拉美购物并不总像在购物中心。在社区市场、周末集市和小店之间，有些习惯值得了解：哪里可以讨价还价、如何付款，以及为什么价格已含税。
市场
Almost every neighbourhood has a market with stalls of fruit, vegetables, fish and meat. Many towns also have a street market (mercadillo) on a fixed day each week, with clothes, food and second-hand things. At the market you buy fresh and of the day, greet the seller, and ask by quantity: "un kilo de tomates, por favor" (a kilo of tomatoes, please). It is normal to bring your own bag. Shopping at the market is also a way to get to know the neighbours.
讨价还价
Careful: in Spain bargaining is NOT normal in shops, supermarkets or most food markets — the price is the price. You only haggle a little at second-hand street markets (like El Rastro in Madrid) or when buying something big. In many Latin American countries, however, bargaining at markets and with street vendors is common and even expected. If you want to try politely, ask: "¿Me hace un descuento?" (Can you give me a discount?) or "¿Es tu mejor precio?" (Is that your best price?).
付款
When you pay they will ask: "¿En efectivo o con tarjeta?" (Cash or card?). Cards are used a lot, but at markets and small stalls it is wise to carry cash. Good news: the price on the label ALREADY includes the tax (IVA), so you pay what you see, with no surprises at the end. You also don't need to tip like in the United States: in a bar or restaurant you leave little or nothing, and only if you want to. When you finish, a simple "Gracias, hasta luego" closes the purchase kindly.
总之：在市场买新鲜货，只在合适的地方还价（西班牙少、拉美多），带些现金，记住价格已含税。购物也是聊天和问候。购物愉快！
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