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Study in the app →Vietnamese · KNLTV Bậc 1 (A1) · Chapter 20
Món ăn 食物
食物与味道。食物：thịt、cá、rau、trứng、hoa quả、bánh mì。关键：形容词放在名词之后——「cá NGON」（好吃的鱼），不是「ngon cá」。而且越南语不在形容词前用「là」：「Tôi đói」（我饿），「Cá ngon」——不是「Tôi là đói」。说英语的人常把形容词放前面（「ngon cá」✗ →「cá ngon」✓）。新词：thịt、cá、rau、trứng、hoa quả、bánh mì、ngon、đói、khát、no。文化角：街头小吃与共享饭桌。
Dialogue
ngon cá? cá ngon? — ngon cá？cá ngon？
- Nam Tom, món này thế nào? 汤姆，这道菜怎么样？
- Tom Ngon cá! 好吃鱼！（口误：形容词放在名词后——应说「cá ngon」）
- Nam Tính từ đứng sau: "cá ngon". Danh từ trước, tính từ sau. 形容词在后：「cá ngon」。名词在前，形容词在后。
- Tom À, cá ngon! Rau cũng ngon. Tôi đói quá! 啊，鱼好吃！蔬菜也好吃。我好饿！
Dialogue
Ngon quá! — 真好吃！
- Linh Nam, bạn đói không? 南，你饿吗？
- Nam Có, tôi đói. Chúng ta ăn gì? 饿。我们吃什么？
- Linh Quán này có bánh mì và phở. Cả hai đều ngon. 这家店有越式三明治和河粉。两个都好吃。
- Nam Tôi ăn phở. Cá ở đây rất ngon. 我吃河粉。这里的鱼很好吃。
Vocabulary
- thịt
-
noun 肉
- cá
-
noun 鱼
- rau
-
noun 蔬菜
- trứng
-
noun 鸡蛋
- hoa quả
-
noun 水果
- bánh mì
-
noun 面包；越式三明治
- ngon
-
adjective 好吃的（在名词后）
- đói
-
adjective 饿
- khát
-
adjective 渴
- no
-
adjective 饱
Grammar
形容词在名词后（不用「là」）
Explanation
在越南语中，形容词放在它描述的名词之后：「cá ngon」（好吃的鱼），「món ngon」，「quán mới」。说英语的人常像「delicious fish」那样把形容词放前面 →「ngon cá」✗ →「cá ngon」✓。当形容词作谓语时，不需要「là」：「Cá này ngon」（这鱼好吃），「Tôi đói」（我饿），「Tôi khát」——不是「Tôi là đói」。形容词前加「rất」（很）：「rất ngon」。是非问句：「Bạn đói không?」——「Có, tôi đói」/「Không, tôi no」。
Examples
- Món này rất ngon. 这道菜很好吃。
- Tôi đói. Tôi ăn cơm. 我饿了。我吃饭。
- Cá này ngon, rau cũng ngon. 这鱼好吃，蔬菜也好吃。
- Bạn khát không? — Có, tôi khát. 你渴吗？——渴。
Culture
Đồ ăn đường phố và mâm cơm chung 街头小吃与共享饭桌
饮食是越南生活的核心。从人行道上的矮塑料凳到家庭的饭盘，一顿饭永远是共享的——互相传递、互相邀请、紧挨着一起吃。
街头小吃
The Vietnamese pavement is a giant kitchen. People sit on low plastic stools around a steaming pot of pho, a banh mi cart, or a bun stall. The food is cheap, fresh, and cooked right in front of you. A bowl of pho in the morning, a banh mi at midday — that is the rhythm of daily life. Don't be shy to point at what someone else is eating and say "One like that, please".
共享的饭桌
At home, the meal is laid out to share: a pot of rice, a few plates of food (meat, fish, vegetables) and a bowl of soup (canh) in the middle of the tray. Each person has their own bowl of rice and a pair of chopsticks, and picks food from the shared plates. Picking food for the person next to you is a caring gesture. Rice is the centre — "ăn cơm" (eat rice) also means "have a meal".
请吃饭
Before eating, younger people usually "invite" their elders: "Con mời ông bà, bố mẹ ăn cơm ạ" (I invite grandparents and parents to eat). It is a lovely mark of respect, moving from the youngest to the eldest. A guest will be urged to eat many times — declining once is polite, but the host will offer again. If you are full, say "Cảm ơn, tôi no rồi" (Thank you, I'm full) with a smile.
总之：坐在矮塑料凳上尝尝街头小吃，分享共同的饭盘，别忘了在吃之前「邀请」大家。在越南，饮食是人们表达情感的方式。祝你用餐愉快——mời bạn ăn cơm！
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