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Japanese · JLPT Band 1 (N5) · Chapter 18

いちにちの よていA daily schedule

Ichinichi no yotei

You describe daily actions in the polite "-masu" form. Turn the dictionary form (okiru, taberu) into the "-masu" form to speak politely: okiru→okimasu, taberu→tabemasu, nomu→nomimasu, iku→ikimasu, suru→shimasu. English speakers often use the plain (dictionary) form in a polite situation by mistake (okiru → okimasu). Use it with the time "ni": shichiji ni okimasu. New words: okiru, neru, taberu, nomu, iku, kuru, suru, benkyō suru, hataraku. Script corner: the sound of "-masu".

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Dialogue

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おきる？ おきます？— okiru? okimasu?

  1. YukiマMaイiクkuさsaんn、なnaんnじjiにniおoきkiまmaすsuかka？Mike, what time do you get up?
  2. MikeしShiちchiじjiにniおoきkiるru。I get up at seven. (slip: the polite form is "okimasu", not the plain "okiru")
  3. YukiてTeいiねneいiにni「おoきkiまmaすsu」でdeすsu。Politely, it's "okimasu".
  4. MikeあA、しshiちchiじjiにniおoきkiまmaすsu。そSoしshiてteべbeんnきょうkyōしshiまmaすsu。Ah, I get up at seven. And I study.

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ふつうの いちにち— A Normal Day

  1. KenゆYuきkiさsaんn、まmaいiにniちchiなnaんnじjiにniおoきkiまmaすsuかka？Yuki, what time do you get up every day?
  2. YukiろRoくkuじjiにniおoきkiまmaすsu。そSoしshiてteべbeんnきょうkyōしshiまmaすsu。I get up at six. And I study.
  3. KenごGoごgoはwa？And in the afternoon?
  4. YukiごGoごgoはhaたtaらraきkiまmaすsu。まMaいiにniちchiくkuじjiにniねneまmaすsu。I work in the afternoon. I go to sleep at nine every day.

Vocabulary

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おoきkiるru

verbto get up (→ okimasu)

ねneるru

verbto sleep (→ nemasu)

たtaべbeるru

verbto eat (→ tabemasu)

のnoむmu

verbto drink (→ nomimasu)

いiくku

verbto go (→ ikimasu)

くkuるru

verbto come (→ kimasu)

すsuるru

verbto do (→ shimasu)

べbeんnきょうkyōすsuるru

verbto study (→ benkyō shimasu)

はhaたtaらraくku

verbto work (→ hatarakimasu)

Grammar

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The polite "-masu" form

Explanation

When speaking politely, put the verb in the "-masu" form. Verbs ending in "-ru" (taberu, okiru, neru) drop "-ru" and add "-masu": tabemasu, okimasu, nemasu. Verbs ending in "-u" (nomu, iku, hataraku) change the sound: nomimasu, ikimasu, hatarakimasu. Special: suru→shimasu, kuru→kimasu. English speakers often use the dictionary form (taberu, okiru) in a polite situation by mistake — "okiru" ✗ → "okimasu" ✓. Use it with the time "ni": shichiji ni okimasu.

Examples

  • わたしは あさ しちじに おきます。I get up at seven in the morning.
  • ごぜんに べんきょうします。I study in the morning.
  • ごご はたらきます。そして よる ねます。I work in the afternoon. And I sleep at night.
  • まいにち くじに ねます。I go to sleep at nine every day.

Kana

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「ます」を よむ— Reading "-masu"

Read the sentences in hiragana:

  • しちじに おきます。shichiji ni okimasuI get up at seven.
  • ごご はたらきます。gogo hatarakimasuI work in the afternoon.
  • べんきょうします。benkyō shimasuI study. (suru → shimasu)
  • くじに ねます。kuji ni nemasuI go to sleep at nine.

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