Mandarin Chinese · HSK 3.0 Band 1 · Chapter 4

她是我的汉语老师She is my Chinese teacher

Tā shì wǒ de Hànyǔ lǎoshī

The full set of personal pronouns, the possessive particle 的, introducing friends, classmates, and teachers.

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朋友— Friends

  1. 马小明shān, shuíshìdepéngyǒu?Dashan, who are your friends?
  2. 大山xièxiǎowénshìdepéngyǒu!Xie Xiaowen is my friend!
  3. 马小明shìdepéngyǒuma?Am I also your friend?
  4. 大山? shìdepéngyǒu You? You're not my friend...
  5. 马小明shì?!Not?!
  6. 大山shìdehǎopéngyǒu!You're my GOOD friend!
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老师— The teacher

  1. 谢小文gāolǎoshīshìzhōngguórénma?Is Teacher Gao Chinese?
  2. 大山shì, gāolǎoshīshìzhōngguórénYes, Teacher Gao is Chinese.
  3. 谢小文gāolǎoshīshìmendehànlǎoshīma?Is Teacher Gao your Chinese teacher?
  4. 大山shì, gāolǎoshīshìmendehànlǎoshīYes, Teacher Gao is our Chinese teacher.
  5. 谢小文dehànlǎoshīshìgāolǎoshī My Chinese teacher isn't Teacher Gao...
  6. 大山shuíshìdehànlǎoshī?Who is your Chinese teacher?
  7. 谢小文dehànlǎoshī shìgāolǎoshī!My Chinese teacher... is also Teacher Gao!
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同学们— Students

  1. 高老师menhǎo, tóngxuémen! shìmendehànlǎoshīHello, students! I am your Chinese teacher.
  2. 大山nínshìmendehànlǎoshīma?Are you our Chinese teacher?
  3. 高老师shì, shìmendehànlǎoshīYes, I am your Chinese teacher.
  4. 大山shìníndexuéshēngma?Am I your student?
  5. 高老师shì, shìdexuéshēngYes, you are my student.
  6. 大山shìníndepéngyǒuma?Am I also your friend?
  7. 高老师shìdelǎoshī, shìdepéngyǒu!I'm your teacher, not your friend!
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pronounshe; her

pronounhe; him

men

pronounwe; us

men

pronounthey; them (male/mixed)

men

pronounthey; them (female group)

de

particle(possessive/structural particle)

hàn

nounChinese (the language)

péngyǒu

nounfriend

tóngxué

nounclassmate; fellow student

zhōngguó

nounChina

gēn

prepositionwith; and (prepositional)

rén

nounperson; people

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(in 朋友 = friend)

朋友 péngyou — friend高朋 Gāo Péng — Gao Peng (persona — taxi driver)朋月 Péng Yuè — Peng Yue (persona)

(in 朋友 = friend); friend

朋友 péngyou — friend大友 Dà Yǒu — Da You (persona — market vendor)友天 Yǒu Tiān — You Tian (persona)
de

(possessive/structural particle)

别的 biéde — other; different真的 zhēn de — really; truly真的吗 zhēn de ma — really? (frequent reaction)

middle; in (in 中国 = China)

中国 Zhōngguó — China中文 Zhōngwén — Chinese (written)中学 zhōngxué — middle / high school
guó

country

中国 Zhōngguó — China国家 guójiā — country; nation外国 wàiguó — foreign country
rén

person

家人 jiārén — family member老人 lǎorén — elderly person男人 nánrén — man

(in 汉语 = Chinese language; 汉字 = Chinese character)

汉语 Hànyǔ — Chinese (the language)汉字 Hànzì — Chinese character

(in 汉语 = Chinese language)

汉语 Hànyǔ — Chinese (the language)语法 yǔfǎ — grammar
tóng

same; together (in 同学 = classmate)

同学 tóngxué — classmate; fellow student同事 tóngshì — colleague同意 tóngyì — agree

she; her

她们 tāmen — they; them (female group)
gēn

with; and (preposition)

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he; himWriting

5 strokesleft-rightradical 亻

Left: 亻 (person radical). Right: 也. The 亻 component signals "person" — many character starting with 亻 refer to people or human actions.

men(plural suffix for pronouns and people)Writing

5 strokesleft-rightradical 亻

A phono-semantic compound: left side 亻 (person, semantic) + right side 门 (mén, phonetic hint). 们 is the productive plural suffix for pronouns (我们, 你们, 他们) and for people-nouns (同学们, 朋友们).

de(possessive/structural particle)Writing

8 strokesleft-right

Phono-semantic compound: left 白 (white, semantic origin) + right 勺 (sháo, phonetic). 的 is one of the most frequently-used characters in all of Chinese — you will see it on every page.

she; herRecognition

6 strokesleft-rightradical 女

zhōngmiddle; in (in 中国 = China)Recognition

4 strokessingle-component

中 depicts a flag pole through the center of an enclosure. Original meaning: "center" or "middle". Now also used for 中国 (Middle Kingdom = China).

guócountryRecognition

8 strokesenclosure

The 囗 (enclosure) on the outside represents walls/borders. Inside is 玉 (jade, signifying treasure). Together: "a place enclosed by walls containing treasure" → country.

tóngsame; together (in 同学 = classmate)Recognition

6 strokeshalf-enclosure

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Personal Pronouns (Full Set)

Explanation

Chinese personal pronouns split into singular and plural. The plural is formed by adding 们 to the singular. 您 is the formal/polite version of 你 — it has no plural form. 他 (he) and 她 (she) are pronounced identically (tā); the difference is only written, not spoken.

Examples

  • 我是学生。I am a student.
  • 我们是你的朋友。We are your friends.
  • 他们是我的朋友。They are my friends.
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The Structural Particle 的 (Possession)

Explanation

The particle 的 sits between the owner and the thing owned, expressing possession. Word order: Owner + 的 + Thing. Note: when the relationship is close (family, close friends), 的 can be dropped — 我妈妈 (my mom), 我朋友 (my friend) are both common.

Examples

  • 我的汉语老师my Chinese teacher
  • 她是我的同学。She is my classmate.
  • 他们是我的朋友。They are my friends.

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