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Korean · TOPIK Band 1 · Chapter 7

동생이 있어요I have a younger sibling

Dongsaeng-i isseoyo

Firm up possession with 있다 ("…이/가 있어요") and learn the difference between 은/는 and 이/가 clearly — 이/가 marks new information, 은/는 marks the topic and contrast. Family vocabulary adds siblings (형·누나·오빠·언니·동생) and 아들·딸. The key point: like 형/오빠, the word changes with the speaker's gender. You also learn 좋다 (adjective) vs 좋아하다 (verb), and 알다/모르다.

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동생이 있어요— I Have a Younger Sibling

  1. Michael민min수su씨ssi,동dong생saeng이i있iss어eo요yo?Minsu, do you have a younger sibling?
  2. Minsu네ne,동dong생saeng이i있iss어eo요yo.형hyeong이i있iss어eo요yo.Yes, I have a younger sibling. I have an older brother.
  3. Michael형hyeong은eun학hak생saeng이i에e요yo?Is your older brother a student?
  4. Minsu아a니ni요yo,형hyeong은eun회hoe사sa원won이i에e요yo.동dong생saeng은eun학hak생saeng이i에e요yo.No, my older brother is an office worker. My younger sibling is a student.

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형이에요, 오빠가 아니에요— It's 형, Not 오빠

  1. Michael지ji은eun씨ssi,오o빠ppa가ga있iss어eo요yo?Jieun, do you have an older brother?
  2. Jieun네ne,있iss어eo요yo.마ma이i클keul씨ssi는neun요yo?Yes, I do. And you, Michael?
  3. Michael저jeo는neun오o빠ppa가ga있iss어eo요yo.I have an 오빠 (older brother).
  4. Jieun마ma이i클keul씨ssi는neun"형hyeong"이i에e요yo.오o빠ppa가ga아a니ni에e요yo!For you it's "형", Michael. Not 오빠!

Vocabulary

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형hyeong

nounolder brother (of a male)

누nu나na

nounolder sister (of a male)

오o빠ppa

nounolder brother (of a female)

언eon니ni

nounolder sister (of a female)

동dong생saeng

nounyounger sibling

아a들deul

nounson

딸ttal

noundaughter

좋jo다ta

a.to be good

좋jo아a하ha다da

verbto like

알al다da

verbto know

모mo르reu다da

verbto not know

Grammar

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은/는 vs 이/가

Explanation

Both mark "what the sentence is about", but they differ. 이/가 marks new information or the answer to "who/what does …?" (이 after a consonant, 가 after a vowel). 은/는 sets a topic or shows contrast (은 after a consonant, 는 after a vowel). So you often use 이/가 to bring something up, and 은/는 to talk about it again or to compare.

Examples

  • 동생이 있어요.I have a younger sibling. (new info → 이/가)
  • 형은 회사원이에요. 동생은 학생이에요.My older brother is an office worker; my younger sibling is a student. (contrast → 은/는)
  • 지은 씨는 오빠가 있어요.Jieun has an older brother. (topic 지은 → 는; new 오빠 → 가)

Grammar

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좋다 vs 좋아하다 · 알다 / 모르다

Explanation

좋다 is an adjective meaning "to be good". What you like takes 이/가: "한국이 좋아요" sounds close to "I like Korea". 좋아하다 is the verb "to like", but it needs an object with 을/를 (taught in Book 2), so for now we mostly use 좋다. 알다 (알아요) and 모르다 (몰라요) are "to know" and "to not know".

Examples

  • 저는 한국이 좋아요.I like Korea. (lit. Korea is good to me)
  • 저는 친구가 좋아요.I like my friend.
  • 잘 몰라요.I don't really know.

Hangul

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한글 복습: 겹받침— Hangul Review: Double Finals (겹받침)

Examples where the final is two letters. Only one is sounded, and a following consonant may tense.

  • 없다eopdaㅄ → ㅂ sounds, then ㄷ tenses to ㄸ — "to not have" (this chapter)
  • 많다mantaㄶ → ㄴ sounds, ㅎ + ㄷ blend to ㅌ — "to be many" (ch6)
  • 앉다andaㄵ → ㄴ sounds, then ㄷ tenses — "to sit" (recognition only)

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