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Study in the app →English · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 35
How much do you eat? Berapa banyak kamu makan?
Berbicara tentang makanan dan jumlah. Kosakata: food, meat, fish, rice, bread, water, milk, sugar, egg, vegetable, fruit. Tata bahasa inti: ada nomina yang bisa dihitung (eggs, apples, vegetables) dan yang tak bisa (water, rice, bread, milk, sugar). Nomina terhitung bisa jamak dan pakai "many" serta "How many?": "many eggs". Nomina tak terhitung tak punya jamak dan pakai "much" serta "How much?": "much water". "A lot of" dan "lots of" untuk keduanya. Bahasa Korea tak menandai jamak dan tak memisahkan terhitung dari tak terhitung, jadi pelajar Korea mencampur: "many water" ✗ dan "much apples" ✗ → "much water", "many apples" (atau "a lot of" untuk keduanya). Sudut pengucapan: bunyi /ʃ/ dalam "sugar", "fish", "delicious".
Dialogue
many water or much water? — many water atau much water?
- Emma Minsu, do you drink a lot of water? Minsu, kamu minum banyak air?
- Minsu Yes, I drink many water and I eat much apples. Ya, saya minum air many dan makan apel much. (slip: water tak terhitung → "much water"; apples terhitung → "many apples")
- Emma Swap them: water is uncountable, so "much water"; apples are countable, so "many apples". Tukar: water tak terhitung, jadi "much water"; apples terhitung, jadi "many apples".
- Minsu I see — I drink much water and I eat many apples. Paham — saya minum banyak air dan makan banyak apel.
- Emma Perfect! And "a lot of" is easy — it works for both: a lot of water, a lot of apples. Sempurna! "a lot of" mudah — untuk keduanya: a lot of water, a lot of apples.
- Minsu Great, that's easier! I have a lot of homework tonight, though. Bagus, itu lebih mudah! Tapi malam ini PR-ku banyak.
Dialogue
Shopping for dinner — Belanja untuk makan malam
- Minsu Emma, what do we need for dinner? Emma, kita butuh apa untuk makan malam?
- Emma We need some fish, a lot of vegetables, and a little rice. Kita butuh sedikit ikan, banyak sayur, dan sedikit nasi.
- Minsu How many eggs should we buy? Kita beli berapa telur?
- Emma Six eggs, please. And we don't have much milk, so buy some. Enam telur, ya. Dan susu kita tidak banyak, jadi beli lagi.
- Minsu Got it. How much bread do you want? Baik. Mau berapa banyak roti?
- Emma Just one loaf. That's a lot of food — let's cook a great dinner! Cukup satu roti. Banyak makanan — ayo masak makan malam yang enak!
Vocabulary
| 汉字 | Pinyin | POS | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| food | n. (uncount.) | makanan | |
| meat | n. (uncount.) | daging | |
| fish | n. (uncount.) | ikan | |
| rice | n. (uncount.) | nasi | |
| bread | n. (uncount.) | roti | |
| water | n. (uncount.) | air | |
| milk | n. (uncount.) | susu | |
| sugar | n. (uncount.) | gula | |
| egg | n. (count.) | telur | |
| vegetable | n. (count.) | sayuran | |
| fruit | n. (uncount.) | buah |
Grammar
much, many, a lot of much, many, a lot of
In English, nouns come in two kinds. Countable nouns are things you can count one by one — an egg, two eggs, three apples; they can be plural. Uncountable nouns are seen as a mass you cannot count singly — water, rice, bread, milk, sugar, meat; they have NO plural (not "waters", not "breads"). This matters for "how much". With countable nouns use "many" and "How many?": "many eggs", "How many apples?". With uncountable nouns use "much" and "How much?": "much water", "How much sugar?". The easy friend is "a lot of" (or "lots of"), which works with BOTH: "a lot of eggs", "a lot of water". Korean has no plural marking and no count/non-count split, so learners mix them: "many water" ✗, "much apples" ✗ → "much water", "many apples" ✓.
Nomina Inggris ada dua jenis. Nomina terhitung adalah hal yang bisa dihitung satu per satu — an egg, two eggs, three apples; bisa jamak. Nomina tak terhitung dipandang sebagai massa yang tak bisa dihitung satuan — water, rice, bread, milk, sugar, meat; TIDAK punya jamak (bukan "waters", bukan "breads"). Ini penting untuk "berapa banyak". Dengan nomina terhitung pakai "many" dan "How many?": "many eggs", "How many apples?". Dengan nomina tak terhitung pakai "much" dan "How much?": "much water", "How much sugar?". Teman yang mudah adalah "a lot of" (atau "lots of"), untuk KEDUANYA: "a lot of eggs", "a lot of water". Bahasa Korea tak menandai jamak dan tak memisahkan terhitung/tak terhitung, jadi pelajar mencampur: "many water" ✗, "much apples" ✗ → "much water", "many apples" ✓.
- I eat a lot of vegetables and not much meat. Saya makan banyak sayur dan tidak banyak daging.
- How many eggs do you want? — Two, please. Mau berapa telur? — Dua, tolong.
- How much water do you drink every day? Setiap hari kamu minum berapa banyak air?
- There isn't much bread, but there are lots of apples. Rotinya tidak banyak, tapi apelnya banyak.
pronunciation
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