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Study in the app →English · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 35
How much do you eat? どれくらい食べますか？
食べ物と量について話す。語彙：food, meat, fish, rice, bread, water, milk, sugar, egg, vegetable, fruit。重要文法：数えられる名詞（eggs, apples, vegetables）と数えられない名詞（water, rice, bread, milk, sugar）がある。数えられる名詞は複数になり「many」「How many?」を使う:「many eggs」。数えられない名詞は複数がなく「much」「How much?」を使う:「much water」。「A lot of」「lots of」は両方に使える。韓国語は複数も可算・不可算の区別もしないので、韓国語話者は混同する:「many water」✗、「much apples」✗ →「much water」「many apples」（またはどちらも「a lot of」）。発音コーナー:「sugar」「fish」「delicious」の /ʃ/ 音。
Dialogue
many water or much water? — many water それとも much water？
- Emma Minsu, do you drink a lot of water? ミンス、水をたくさん飲みますか？
- Minsu Yes, I drink many water and I eat much apples. はい、私は水を many 飲み、りんごを much 食べます。（間違い: water は不可算 →「much water」; apples は可算 →「many apples」）
- Emma Swap them: water is uncountable, so "much water"; apples are countable, so "many apples". 入れ替えて：water は不可算だから「much water」; apples は可算だから「many apples」。
- Minsu I see — I drink much water and I eat many apples. わかりました — 水をたくさん飲み、りんごをたくさん食べます。
- Emma Perfect! And "a lot of" is easy — it works for both: a lot of water, a lot of apples. 完璧！「a lot of」は簡単 — 両方に使える：a lot of water, a lot of apples。
- Minsu Great, that's easier! I have a lot of homework tonight, though. いいですね、その方が簡単！でも今夜は宿題がたくさんあります。
Dialogue
Shopping for dinner — 夕食の買い物
- Minsu Emma, what do we need for dinner? エマ、夕食に何が要りますか？
- Emma We need some fish, a lot of vegetables, and a little rice. 魚を少し、野菜をたくさん、ご飯を少し要ります。
- Minsu How many eggs should we buy? 卵はいくつ買いましょうか？
- Emma Six eggs, please. And we don't have much milk, so buy some. 卵を六つ。それと牛乳が少ないので、少し買って。
- Minsu Got it. How much bread do you want? わかりました。パンはどれくらい要りますか？
- Emma Just one loaf. That's a lot of food — let's cook a great dinner! 一斤で十分。食べ物がたくさん — 素敵な夕食を作りましょう！
Vocabulary
| 汉字 | Pinyin | POS | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| food | n. (uncount.) | 食べ物 | |
| meat | n. (uncount.) | 肉 | |
| fish | n. (uncount.) | 魚 | |
| rice | n. (uncount.) | 米、ご飯 | |
| bread | n. (uncount.) | パン | |
| water | n. (uncount.) | 水 | |
| milk | n. (uncount.) | 牛乳 | |
| sugar | n. (uncount.) | 砂糖 | |
| egg | n. (count.) | 卵 | |
| vegetable | n. (count.) | 野菜 | |
| fruit | n. (uncount.) | 果物 |
Grammar
much, many, a lot of much, many, a lot of
In English, nouns come in two kinds. Countable nouns are things you can count one by one — an egg, two eggs, three apples; they can be plural. Uncountable nouns are seen as a mass you cannot count singly — water, rice, bread, milk, sugar, meat; they have NO plural (not "waters", not "breads"). This matters for "how much". With countable nouns use "many" and "How many?": "many eggs", "How many apples?". With uncountable nouns use "much" and "How much?": "much water", "How much sugar?". The easy friend is "a lot of" (or "lots of"), which works with BOTH: "a lot of eggs", "a lot of water". Korean has no plural marking and no count/non-count split, so learners mix them: "many water" ✗, "much apples" ✗ → "much water", "many apples" ✓.
英語の名詞は二種類。数えられる名詞は一つずつ数えられる物 — an egg, two eggs, three apples；複数になる。数えられない名詞は個々に数えられない塊とみなす — water, rice, bread, milk, sugar, meat；複数がない（「waters」でない、「breads」でない）。これが「どれくらい」に重要。数えられる名詞には「many」「How many?」:「many eggs」「How many apples?」。数えられない名詞には「much」「How much?」:「much water」「How much sugar?」。便利な味方は「a lot of」（または「lots of」）で、両方に使える:「a lot of eggs」「a lot of water」。韓国語は複数標示も可算・不可算の区別もないので学習者は混ぜる:「many water」✗、「much apples」✗ →「much water」「many apples」✓。
- I eat a lot of vegetables and not much meat. 私は野菜をたくさん食べ、肉はあまり食べません。
- How many eggs do you want? — Two, please. 卵はいくつ要りますか？ — 二つお願いします。
- How much water do you drink every day? 毎日どれくらい水を飲みますか？
- There isn't much bread, but there are lots of apples. パンは多くないけど、りんごはたくさんあります。
pronunciation
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