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Study in the app →English · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 35
How much do you eat? 你吃多少？
谈论食物和数量。词汇：food、meat、fish、rice、bread、water、milk、sugar、egg、vegetable、fruit。核心语法：有些名词可数（eggs、apples、vegetables），有些不可数（water、rice、bread、milk、sugar）。可数名词能变复数，用 "many" 和 "How many?"："many eggs"。不可数名词无复数，用 "much" 和 "How much?"："much water"。"A lot of" 和 "lots of" 两者都可用。韩语不标复数、也不区分可数与不可数，所以韩语学习者会混用："many water" ✗ 和 "much apples" ✗ → "much water"、"many apples"（或两者都用 "a lot of"）。
Dialogue
many water or much water? — many water 还是 much water？
- Emma Minsu, do you drink a lot of water? 敏秀，你喝很多水吗？
- Minsu Yes, I drink many water and I eat much apples. 是的，我喝 many 水，吃 much 苹果。（口误：water 不可数→ "much water"；apples 可数→ "many apples"）
- Emma Swap them: water is uncountable, so "much water"; apples are countable, so "many apples". 换过来：water 不可数，所以 "much water"；apples 可数，所以 "many apples"。
- Minsu I see — I drink much water and I eat many apples. 懂了——我喝很多水，吃很多苹果。
- Emma Perfect! And "a lot of" is easy — it works for both: a lot of water, a lot of apples. 完美！"a lot of" 很简单——两者都行：a lot of water、a lot of apples。
- Minsu Great, that's easier! I have a lot of homework tonight, though. 太好了，那更简单！不过我今晚有很多作业。
Dialogue
Shopping for dinner — 为晚餐采购
- Minsu Emma, what do we need for dinner? 艾玛，晚餐我们需要什么？
- Emma We need some fish, a lot of vegetables, and a little rice. 我们需要一些鱼、很多蔬菜和一点米饭。
- Minsu How many eggs should we buy? 我们该买几个蛋？
- Emma Six eggs, please. And we don't have much milk, so buy some. 六个蛋，谢谢。还有我们牛奶不多了，买一些吧。
- Minsu Got it. How much bread do you want? 好。你要多少面包？
- Emma Just one loaf. That's a lot of food — let's cook a great dinner! 一条就够。这些食物真不少——我们做一顿丰盛的晚餐吧！
Vocabulary
- food
-
n. (uncount.) 食物
- meat
-
n. (uncount.) 肉
- fish
-
n. (uncount.) 鱼
- rice
-
n. (uncount.) 米饭
- bread
-
n. (uncount.) 面包
- water
-
n. (uncount.) 水
- milk
-
n. (uncount.) 牛奶
- sugar
-
n. (uncount.) 糖
- egg
-
n. (count.) 鸡蛋
- vegetable
-
n. (count.) 蔬菜
- fruit
-
n. (uncount.) 水果
Grammar
much、many、a lot of
Explanation
英语的名词分两类。可数名词是能一个个数的东西——一个蛋、两个蛋、三个苹果；它们能变复数。不可数名词被看作无法单个计数的整体——water、rice、bread、milk、sugar、meat；它们没有复数（不是 "waters"，不是 "breads"）。这对 "多少" 很重要。可数名词用 "many" 和 "How many?"："many eggs"、"How many apples?"。不可数名词用 "much" 和 "How much?"："much water"、"How much sugar?"。方便的好帮手是 "a lot of"（或 "lots of"），两者都能用："a lot of eggs"、"a lot of water"。韩语没有复数标记，也不分可数/不可数，所以学习者会混用："many water" ✗、"much apples" ✗ → "much water"、"many apples" ✓。
Examples
- I eat a lot of vegetables and not much meat. 我吃很多蔬菜，不太吃肉。
- How many eggs do you want? — Two, please. 你要几个蛋？——两个，谢谢。
- How much water do you drink every day? 你每天喝多少水？
- There isn't much bread, but there are lots of apples. 面包不多，但苹果很多。
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