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Study in the app →Vietnamese · KNLTV Bậc 1 (A1) · Chapter 35
Nhiều hay ít? มากหรือน้อย?
พูดถึงปริมาณอาหารและเครื่องดื่ม คำศัพท์: nhiều, ít, một chút, đủ, đường, muối, rau, thịt, cơm, cá, trứng ไวยากรณ์สำคัญ: คำบอกปริมาณ "nhiều", "ít", "một chút" อยู่หน้าคำนามเลยและต่อตรง ไม่มี "của": "nhiều rau" (ผักเยอะ), "ít muối" (เกลือน้อย), "một chút đường" (น้ำตาลนิดหน่อย) ภาษาเวียดนามไม่มีนับได้/นับไม่ได้แบบอังกฤษ — "nhiều" ใช้ทั้งคู่ ผู้พูดอังกฤษชิน "a lot OF, a little OF" มักเติม "của" (of): "một chút của đường" ✗ → "một chút đường" ✓ มุมวรรณยุกต์: "nhiều" (huyền), "ít" (sắc), "đủ" (hỏi)
บทสนทนา
một chút của đường / một chút đường
- Nam Tom ơi, cậu uống cà phê thế nào? ทอม ดื่มกาแฟยังไง?
- Tom Tôi thích một chút của đường. ฉันชอบใส่น้ำตาลนิดหน่อย (พลาด: ไม่ใช้ "của" → một chút đường)
- Nam Bỏ "của" đi. Từ chỉ lượng gắn thẳng: "một chút đường". ตัด "của" ออก คำบอกปริมาณต่อตรง: "một chút đường"
- Tom À, tôi thích một chút đường. Và ít sữa nữa. อ้อ ฉันชอบน้ำตาลนิดหน่อย และนมนิดหน่อยด้วย
- Nam Chính xác! "một chút đường", "ít sữa" — không "của". ถูกต้อง! "một chút đường", "ít sữa" — ไม่มี "của"
- Tom Hiểu rồi. Cho tôi nhiều cà phê, ít đường nhé! เข้าใจแล้ว ขอกาแฟเยอะ ๆ น้ำตาลน้อย ๆ นะ!
บทสนทนา
Ở quán ăn — ที่ร้านอาหาร
- Linh Nam ơi, cậu muốn ăn gì? นัม อยากกินอะไร?
- Nam Tôi muốn một bát cơm, nhiều rau và một chút cá. ฉันอยากได้ข้าวหนึ่งชาม ผักเยอะ ๆ และปลานิดหน่อย
- Linh Cậu ăn nhiều thịt không? กินเนื้อเยอะไหม?
- Nam Không, tôi ăn ít thịt thôi. Tôi thích rau hơn. ไม่ กินเนื้อน้อย ๆ พอ ฉันชอบผักมากกว่า
- Linh Vậy hai chúng ta gọi đủ đồ ăn cho hai người nhé. งั้นเราสั่งอาหารให้พอสำหรับสองคนนะ
- Nam Được! Và cho tôi một chút nước mắm nữa. ได้! แล้วขอน้ำปลานิดหน่อยด้วย
คำศัพท์
| 汉字 | พินอิน | ชนิดคำ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|---|
| nhiều | adv. | มาก, เยอะ | |
| ít | adv. | น้อย | |
| một chút | adv. | นิดหน่อย | |
| đủ | adj. | พอ | |
| đường | n. | น้ำตาล | |
| muối | n. | เกลือ | |
| rau | n. | ผัก | |
| thịt | n. | เนื้อ | |
| cơm | n. | ข้าว | |
| cá | n. | ปลา | |
| trứng | n. | ไข่ |
ไวยากรณ์
Nhiều / ít / một chút + danh từ (không "của") Nhiều / ít / một chút + คำนาม (ไม่มี "của")
Để nói về số lượng, tiếng Việt đặt từ chỉ lượng NGAY TRƯỚC danh từ và nối thẳng: "nhiều rau" (nhiều = a lot), "ít muối" (ít = little), "một chút đường" (một chút = a bit). Không có từ nối nào ở giữa. Khác với tiếng Anh, tiếng Việt KHÔNG phân biệt danh từ đếm được và không đếm được: "nhiều" dùng cho cả "nhiều rau" lẫn "nhiều người" — không có cặp much/many. "Đủ" (enough) cũng đứng trước danh từ: "đủ thời gian". Lỗi điển hình: tiếng Anh nói "a lot OF, a little OF", nên người nói tiếng Anh chèn "của" (of): "một chút của đường" ✗ → "một chút đường" ✓. Từ chỉ lượng gắn THẲNG vào danh từ, không "của".
จะพูดถึงปริมาณ ภาษาเวียดนามวางคำบอกปริมาณไว้หน้าคำนามเลยและต่อตรง: "nhiều rau" (nhiều = เยอะ), "ít muối" (ít = น้อย), "một chút đường" (một chút = นิดหน่อย) ไม่มีคำเชื่อมตรงกลาง ต่างจากอังกฤษ ภาษาเวียดนามไม่แยกนามนับได้กับนับไม่ได้: "nhiều" ใช้ทั้ง "nhiều rau" (ผักเยอะ) และ "nhiều người" (คนเยอะ) — ไม่มีคู่ much/many "Đủ" (พอ) ก็อยู่หน้าคำนาม: "đủ thời gian" (เวลาพอ) ข้อผิดที่พบบ่อย: อังกฤษพูด "a lot OF, a little OF" ผู้พูดอังกฤษจึงแทรก "của" (of): "một chút của đường" ✗ → "một chút đường" ✓ คำบอกปริมาณต่อกับคำนามตรง ๆ ไม่มี "của"
- Tôi muốn ăn nhiều rau. ฉันอยากกินผักเยอะ ๆ
- Cho tôi ít muối thôi. ขอเกลือน้อย ๆ พอ
- Cô ấy uống một chút cà phê buổi sáng. เธอดื่มกาแฟนิดหน่อยตอนเช้า
- Trên bàn có đủ thịt và cơm cho hai người. บนโต๊ะมีเนื้อและข้าวพอสำหรับสองคน
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