English · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 45
It was late, so I went home
Dialogue
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Why are you tired?
- EmmaAlex, you look tired today. Why?
- AlexBecause I studied all night, so I am sleepy.
- EmmaUse just one — say "I studied all night, so I am sleepy", or "I am sleepy because I studied all night".
- AlexAh! I am sleepy because I studied all night. But the test was easy!
- EmmaGood! So you can relax now and rest.
- AlexYes. I will sleep, and then I will celebrate!
Dialogue
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We finished the course!
- JackEmma, we finished the English course! Are you happy?
- EmmaYes, really happy! It was hard, but I learned a lot.
- JackMe too. So let's celebrate together this weekend.
- EmmaGreat idea! We can go to the beach or watch a film.
- JackThe beach, because the weather is nice. And then we can eat dinner.
- EmmaPerfect. Finally, we can relax. Well done, everyone!
Vocabulary
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- and
conjunctionand
- but
conjunctionbut
- or
conjunctionor
- so
conjunctionso
- because
conjunctionbecause
- also
adverbalso
- then
adverbthen
- again
adverbagain
- together
adverbtogether
- everyone
pronouneveryone
- finally
adverbfinally
- really
adverbreally
Grammar
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Joining sentences: and, but, so, because
Explanation
Four little words let you join two ideas into one sentence. "and" ADDS a similar idea: "I like tea and coffee", "She reads and writes". "but" shows a CONTRAST: "I like tea but not coffee", "It is small but comfortable". "or" gives a CHOICE: "Tea or coffee?", "We can walk or take the bus". "so" shows a RESULT — it goes between the cause and the result: "It was late, so I went home" (cause + so + result). "because" gives a REASON — it goes before the reason: "I went home because it was late" (result + because + cause). So "so" and "because" describe the SAME situation from opposite ends: you can say "I was tired, so I slept" OR "I slept because I was tired", and the order of cause and result flips. Two rules: (1) use only ONE connector per link — do not use "because" and "so" together; (2) in writing, we usually put a comma before "but" and "so" when they join two full sentences. Note: many learners mark both the cause and the result at once, copying their first language: "Because I was tired, so I slept" ✗. Keep just one: "I slept because I was tired" ✓ or "I was tired, so I slept" ✓.
Examples
- I like tea and coffee.I like tea and coffee.
- I like tea but not coffee.I like tea but not coffee.
- It was late, so I went home.It was late, so I went home.
- I went home because it was late.I went home because it was late.
- Do you want tea or coffee?Do you want tea or coffee?
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