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Study in the app →English · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 45
It was late, so I went home Era tarde, por isso fui para casa
Este é o último capítulo do Band 1 — uma revisão que liga as tuas frases. Vocabulário: and, but, or, so, because, also, then, again, together, everyone, finally, really. Gramática-chave: quatro palavrinhas que LIGAM ideias. "and" acrescenta uma ideia parecida: "I like tea and coffee". "but" mostra um contraste: "I like tea but not coffee". "so" mostra um RESULTADO: "It was late, so I went home". "because" dá uma RAZÃO: "I went home because it was late". Repara que "so" e "because" são imagens espelhadas: com "so", a causa vem primeiro e o resultado depois (causa, so resultado); com "because", o resultado vem primeiro e a razão depois (resultado because razão). Usa só UM conector por ligação. Nota: alguns aprendizes marcam a razão e o resultado ao mesmo tempo — "Because I was tired, so I slept" ✗ → "I slept because I was tired" ✓ ou "I was tired, so I slept" ✓. Escolhe um. Canto da pronúncia: os conectores fracos "and" /ən/, "but" /bət/ e "because" /bɪˈkəz/. Muito bem — com isto terminas o Band 1!
Dialogue
Why are you tired? — Porque estás cansado?
- Emma Minsu, you look tired today. Why? Minsu, hoje pareces cansado. Porquê?
- Minsu Because I studied all night, so I am sleepy. Porque estudei a noite toda, por isso tenho sono. (deslize: usa só um conector: I studied all night, so I am sleepy)
- Emma Use just one — say "I studied all night, so I am sleepy", or "I am sleepy because I studied all night". Usa só um — diz "I studied all night, so I am sleepy", ou "I am sleepy because I studied all night".
- Minsu Ah! I am sleepy because I studied all night. But the test was easy! Ah! Tenho sono porque estudei a noite toda. Mas o teste foi fácil!
- Emma Good! So you can relax now and rest. Boa! Por isso agora podes relaxar e descansar.
- Minsu Yes. I will sleep, and then I will celebrate! Sim. Vou dormir, e depois vou celebrar!
Dialogue
We finished the course! — Terminámos o curso!
- Jack Emma, we finished the English course! Are you happy? Emma, terminámos o curso de inglês! Estás feliz?
- Emma Yes, really happy! It was hard, but I learned a lot. Sim, mesmo feliz! Foi difícil, mas aprendi muito.
- Jack Me too. So let's celebrate together this weekend. Eu também. Por isso, vamos celebrar juntos este fim de semana.
- Emma Great idea! We can go to the beach or watch a film. Boa ideia! Podemos ir à praia ou ver um filme.
- Jack The beach, because the weather is nice. And then we can eat dinner. À praia, porque o tempo está bom. E depois podemos jantar.
- Emma Perfect. Finally, we can relax. Well done, everyone! Perfeito. Finalmente podemos relaxar. Muito bem, a todos!
Vocabulary
| 汉字 | Pinyin | POS | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | conj. | e | |
| but | conj. | mas | |
| or | conj. | ou | |
| so | conj. | por isso | |
| because | conj. | porque | |
| also | adv. | também | |
| then | adv. | então, depois | |
| again | adv. | outra vez, de novo | |
| together | adv. | juntos | |
| everyone | pron. | toda a gente, todos | |
| finally | adv. | finalmente, por fim | |
| really | adv. | realmente, mesmo |
Grammar
Joining sentences: and, but, so, because Ligar frases: and, but, so, because
Four little words let you join two ideas into one sentence. "and" ADDS a similar idea: "I like tea and coffee", "She reads and writes". "but" shows a CONTRAST: "I like tea but not coffee", "It is small but comfortable". "or" gives a CHOICE: "Tea or coffee?", "We can walk or take the bus". "so" shows a RESULT — it goes between the cause and the result: "It was late, so I went home" (cause + so + result). "because" gives a REASON — it goes before the reason: "I went home because it was late" (result + because + cause). So "so" and "because" describe the SAME situation from opposite ends: you can say "I was tired, so I slept" OR "I slept because I was tired", and the order of cause and result flips. Two rules: (1) use only ONE connector per link — do not use "because" and "so" together; (2) in writing, we usually put a comma before "but" and "so" when they join two full sentences. Note: many learners mark both the cause and the result at once, copying their first language: "Because I was tired, so I slept" ✗. Keep just one: "I slept because I was tired" ✓ or "I was tired, so I slept" ✓.
Quatro palavrinhas permitem-te ligar duas ideias numa frase. "and" ACRESCENTA uma ideia parecida: "I like tea and coffee", "She reads and writes". "but" mostra um CONTRASTE: "I like tea but not coffee", "It is small but comfortable". "or" dá uma ESCOLHA: "Tea or coffee?", "We can walk or take the bus". "so" mostra um RESULTADO — fica entre a causa e o resultado: "It was late, so I went home" (causa + so + resultado). "because" dá uma RAZÃO — fica antes da razão: "I went home because it was late" (resultado + because + causa). Assim "so" e "because" descrevem a MESMA situação de extremos opostos: podes dizer "I was tired, so I slept" OU "I slept because I was tired", e a ordem de causa e resultado inverte-se. Duas regras: (1) usa só UM conector por ligação — não uses "because" e "so" juntos; (2) ao escrever, costumamos pôr uma vírgula antes de "but" e "so" quando ligam duas frases completas. Nota: muitos aprendizes marcam a causa e o resultado ao mesmo tempo, copiando a língua materna: "Because I was tired, so I slept" ✗. Fica só com um: "I slept because I was tired" ✓ ou "I was tired, so I slept" ✓.
- I like tea and coffee. Gosto de chá e café.
- I like tea but not coffee. Gosto de chá mas não de café.
- It was late, so I went home. Era tarde, por isso fui para casa.
- I went home because it was late. Fui para casa porque era tarde.
- Do you want tea or coffee? Queres chá ou café?
pronunciation
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