Korean · TOPIK Band 1 · Chapter 18
하루 일과The daily routine
The daily routine and the present tense "-아/어요". Adding "-아/어요" to a verb makes the polite present. Vowel harmony: if the stem's last vowel is ㅏ/ㅗ take "-아요" (가다→가요, 오다→와요, 자다→자요); otherwise "-어요" (먹다→먹어요, 마시다→마셔요, 쉬다→쉬어요). "하다" is special → "해요" (공부하다→공부해요, 일하다→일해요). New words: 가다, 오다, 일어나다, 자다, 먹다, 마시다, 하다, 공부하다, 일하다, 쉬다. Hangul corner: the sound of "-아/어요".
Dialogue
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먹아요? 먹어요?
- Jieun마이클씨,아침에뭐해요?Michael, what do you do in the morning?
- Michael저는아침에먹아요.I eat in the morning. (slip: 먹다 has a ㅓ stem → 먹어요, not 먹아요)
- Jieun먹다는"먹어요"예요.ㅓ모음이에요.먹다 becomes "먹어요". It has a ㅓ vowel.
- Michael아,저는아침에먹어요.그리고공부해요.Ah, I eat in the morning. And I study.
Dialogue
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주말에 뭐 해요?— What Do You Do on the Weekend?
- Minsu지은씨,주말에뭐해요?Jieun, what do you do on the weekend?
- Jieun저는주말에쉬어요.그리고공부해요.I rest on the weekend. And I study.
- Minsu저는주말에일해요.I work on the weekend.
- Jieun아,주말에일해요?저는토요일에쉬어요.Oh, you work on the weekend? I rest on Saturday.
Vocabulary
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- 가다
verbto go
- 오다
verbto come
- 일어나다
verbto get up
- 자다
verbto sleep
- 먹다
verbto eat
- 마시다
verbto drink
- 하다
verbto do
- 공부하다
verbto study
- 일하다
verbto work
- 쉬다
verbto rest
Grammar
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The present "-아/어요" and vowel harmony
Explanation
A verb's dictionary form ends in "-다" (가다, 먹다). To make the polite present, drop "-다" and add "-아요" or "-어요". Which one depends on the stem's last vowel (vowel harmony): ㅏ or ㅗ → "-아요" (가다→가요, 오다→와요, 자다→자요), otherwise "-어요" (먹다→먹어요, 마시다→마셔요, 쉬다→쉬어요). Verbs ending in "하다" always → "해요" (공부하다→공부해요, 일하다→일해요). English speakers often wrongly add "-아요" to every verb — "먹아요" ✗, "먹어요" ✓. With a time expression: 저는 아침에 일어나요.
Examples
- 저는 아침에 일어나요.I get up in the morning.
- 오전에 공부해요.I study in the morning.
- 오후에 일해요.I work in the afternoon.
- 저녁에 먹어요. 그리고 자요.I eat in the evening. And I sleep.
Hangul
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한글: "-아/어요"의 소리— Hangul: The Sound of "-아/어요"
Use the romanization and read the verbs:
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