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Japanese · JLPT Band 1 (N5) · Chapter 32

うちに なにが ありますかWhat is in your home?

Uchi ni nani ga arimasu ka?

Describing your home and rooms. Vocabulary: uchi, heya, daidokoro, ofuro, shinshitsu, ima, beddo, tsukue, mado, doa, neko. Key grammar: the particle "ya" for listing things. "To" lists them all (only those): "beddo to tsukue" (a bed and a desk). "Ya" gives representative examples and means "…and so on": "heya ni beddo ya tsukue ga arimasu" (in my room there is a bed, a desk, and so on). Use "arimasu" for things, "imasu" for people and animals. English speakers tend to chain many things with "to" in a long string: "beddo to tsukue to isu to hon to…" ✗ → "beddo ya tsukue ga arimasu" ✓. Kana corner: the small "tsu" of "beddo", dakuten. Culture 4: the Japanese home (entrance, tatami room, the bath).

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ベッドと つくえと… / ベッドや つくえ— beddo to tsukue to… / beddo ya tsukue

  1. YukiマMaイiクkuさsaんn、へheやyaにniなnaにniがgaあaりriまmaすsuかka？Mike, what is in your room?
  2. MikeベBeッdドdoとtoつtsuくkuえeとtoいiすsuとtoほhoんnとtoまmaどdoがgaあaりriまmaすsu。There is a bed and a desk and a chair and books and a window. (slip: for a long, open list use "ya", not a chain of "to" → beddo ya tsukue ga arimasu)
  3. YukiたTaくkuさsaんnあaるruとtoきkiはwa「やya」でdeすsu：「ベbeッdドdoやyaつtsuくkuえeがgaあaりriまmaすsu」。When there are many, use "ya": "beddo ya tsukue ga arimasu".
  4. MikeあA、ベbeッdドdoやyaつtsuくkuえeがgaあaりriまmaすsu。まMaどdoやyaドdoアaもmoあaりriまmaすsu。Ah, there is a bed, a desk, and so on. There is also a window, a door, and so on.
  5. YukiじょうJōずzuでdeすsuねne！もMoのnoはwa「あaりriまmaすsu」、いiきkiもmoのnoはwa「いiまmaすsu」でdeすsuよyo。Well done! Remember: things take "arimasu", living creatures take "imasu".
  6. MikeはHaいi！いIまmaにniねneこkoがgaいiまmaすsu。Yes! There is a cat in the living room.

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ユキさんの うち— Yuki's home

  1. MikeユYuキkiさsaんnのnoうuちchiはwaおおōきkiいiでdeすsuかka？Yuki, is your home big?
  2. YukiちChiいiさsaいiでdeすsuがga、へheやyaがgaみmiっtつtsuあaりriまmaすsu。It is small, but there are three rooms.
  3. MikeだDaいiどdoこkoろroにniはwaなnaにniがgaあaりriまmaすsuかka？What is in the kitchen?
  4. YukiテーTēブbuルruやyaいiすsuがgaあaりriまmaすsu。おおŌきkiいiまmaどdoもmoあaりriまmaすsu。There is a table, chairs, and so on. There is also a big window.
  5. MikeいIいiでdeすsuねne！ペPeッtトtoはwaいiまmaすsuかka？Nice! Do you have a pet?
  6. YukiはHaいi、いiまmaにniねneこkoがgaいiまmaすsu。とToてteもmoかkaわwaいiいiでdeすsuよyo！Yes, there is a cat in the living room. It is very cute!

Vocabulary

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うuちchi

nounhome, house

へheやya

nounroom

だdaいiどdoこkoろro

nounkitchen

おoふfuろro

nounbath, bathroom

しshiんnしshiつtsu

nounbedroom

いiまma

nounliving room

ベbeッdドdo

nounbed

つtsuくkuえe

noundesk

まmaどdo

nounwindow

ドdoアa

noundoor

ねneこko

nouncat

Grammar

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Listing with "ya" (…and so on)

Explanation

When you list things, there are two particles: "to" and "ya". "To" lists exactly those and nothing else: "beddo to tsukue ga arimasu" = a bed and a desk, only those. "Ya" gives representative examples and means "there are others too": "beddo ya tsukue ga arimasu" = a bed, a desk, and so on. To make it clearer, add "…nado": "beddo ya tsukue nado ga arimasu". For existence: things (a bed, a window…) take "arimasu"; people and animals (family, a cat…) take "imasu": "ima ni neko ga imasu" (there is a cat in the living room). English speakers tend to chain many things with "to" in a long string: "beddo to tsukue to isu to hon to…" ✗. When you name only representative examples, use "ya": "beddo ya tsukue ga arimasu" ✓.

Examples

  • へやに ベッドや つくえが あります。In my room there is a bed, a desk, and so on.
  • だいどころに テーブルと いすが あります。In the kitchen there is a table and chairs (just those).
  • いまに ねこが います。There is a cat in the living room.
  • しんしつに まどや ドアが あります。In the bedroom there is a window, a door, and so on.

Culture

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にほんの いえThe Japanese home

Asking "what is your home like?" reveals a lot about Japanese life. You take off your shoes at the entrance, sit in a tatami room, and in the evening soak slowly in the bath. These three things — taking off your shoes, the Japanese-style room, and the bath — show you what a Japanese home is like.

Taking off shoes at the genkan

When you enter a Japanese home, you always take off your shoes. When you open the door there is a "genkan" (entrance) a little lower than the floor. Here you take off your shoes and step up onto the raised floor. Going into a room with your shoes on is very rude. This keeps the floor clean, and inside the house you wear slippers. But in a tatami room you take off even the slippers. When you visit a friend's home, do not forget this custom.

The washitsu and tatami

Many homes have a "washitsu", a Japanese-style room. The floor is covered with "tatami", mats made of woven rush. In a tatami room you do not use chairs; you sit on the floor. At night you spread a "futon" on the floor to sleep, and in the morning you fold it away. So during the day the same room can be used for many things. Tatami has a lovely smell, is cool in summer and warm in winter. Even in new houses, many people keep at least one washitsu.

The Japanese bath

The Japanese "ofuro" (bath) is an important time to relax. There is one key rule: before getting into the bath, you wash your body outside the tub. Once you are clean, you soak slowly in the warm water. Because of this, the whole family can use the same hot water one after another. The water is very warm and takes away the tiredness of the day. In winter, your body stays warm long after the bath. The "onsen" (hot spring) is the same: first you wash your body, then everyone gets into a large bath together.

In short: a Japanese home is entered with your shoes off (the genkan), lived in on the floor (the washitsu and tatami), and enjoyed in the evening in the bath. Next time a Japanese friend says "come and visit my home", be ready to take off your shoes at the genkan.

Kana

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「ベッド」の ちいさい「ッ」— The small "tsu" in "beddo"

Read the sentences:

  • へやに ベッドが ありますheya ni beddo ga arimasuthere is a bed in the room
  • ベッドや つくえが ありますbeddo ya tsukue ga arimasua bed, a desk, and so on
  • ドアの となりに まどが ありますdoa no tonari ni mado ga arimasuthere is a window next to the door
  • いまに ねこが いますima ni neko ga imasuthere is a cat in the living room

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