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Study in the app →Thai · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 32
บ้านและห้องต่าง ๆ A casa e os quartos
Vocabulário do lar: ห้องนอน, ห้องครัว, ห้องน้ำ, ห้องนั่งเล่น, เตียง, ตู้, บน, ใต้, ใน, ระหว่าง. Gramática-chave: diz ONDE está algo com as preposições "บน" (sobre), "ใต้" (debaixo de), "ใน" (em): "หนังสืออยู่บนโต๊ะ" (o livro está sobre a mesa), "แมวอยู่ใต้เตียง" (o gato está debaixo da cama), "เสื้ออยู่ในตู้" (a roupa está no armário). Diz o que há num quarto com "มี... อยู่..." — "มีโซฟาอยู่ในห้องนั่งเล่น" (há um sofá na sala; "มี" revisto do cap. 7). O tailandês não tem uma palavra inicial como "there", por isso os anglófonos acrescentam "มัน" (it): "มันมีหมอนบนเตียง" ✗ → "มีหมอนอยู่บนเตียง" ✓. Canto dos tons: ใต้ (descendente), ใน (médio), บน (médio).
Dialogue
มันมีหมอน? มีหมอนอยู่บนเตียง — มันมีหมอน? ou มีหมอนอยู่บนเตียง
- Somchai เจมส์ ในห้องนอนของคุณมีอะไรบ้างครับ James, o que há no teu quarto?
- James มันมีหมอนบนเตียง Há uma almofada sobre a cama. (deslize: sem sujeito vazio "มัน" → มีหมอนอยู่บนเตียง)
- Somchai ไม่ต้องมี "มัน" ครับ เริ่มที่ "มี" เลย: "มีหมอนอยู่บนเตียง" Não precisas de "มัน". Começa com "มี": "มีหมอนอยู่บนเตียง".
- James อ๋อ มีหมอนอยู่บนเตียง และมีเสื้ออยู่ในตู้ Ah, há uma almofada sobre a cama e há roupa no armário.
- Somchai ถูกต้องครับ! "มี... อยู่ + บน/ใต้/ใน" Correto! "มี... อยู่ + sobre/debaixo/em".
- James เข้าใจแล้วครับ มีโต๊ะอยู่ระหว่างเตียงกับตู้ Entendido. Há uma mesa entre a cama e o armário.
Dialogue
บ้านของมาลี — A casa da Malee
- James บ้านคุณมีกี่ห้องครับ Quantos quartos tem a tua casa?
- Malee มีสามห้องค่ะ ห้องนอน ห้องครัว และห้องนั่งเล่น Tem três divisões: quarto, cozinha e sala.
- James ในห้องนั่งเล่นมีอะไรบ้างครับ O que há na sala?
- Malee มีโซฟาและโทรทัศน์ โทรทัศน์อยู่บนโต๊ะเล็ก Há um sofá e uma televisão. A televisão está sobre uma mesa pequena.
- James บ้านคุณน่าอยู่จังครับ A tua casa é muito agradável para viver.
- Malee ขอบคุณค่ะ วันหลังมาเล่นที่บ้านนะคะ Obrigada. Aparece lá em casa um dia destes.
Vocabulary
| 汉字 | Pinyin | POS | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| ห้องนอน | hâwng-naawn | n. | quarto |
| ห้องครัว | hâwng-khrua | n. | cozinha |
| ห้องน้ำ | hâwng-náam | n. | casa de banho |
| ห้องนั่งเล่น | hâwng-nâng-lên | n. | sala de estar |
| เตียง | dtiang | n. | cama |
| ตู้ | dtûu | n. | armário |
| บน | bon | prep. | sobre, em cima de |
| ใต้ | dtâi | prep. | debaixo de |
| ใน | nai | prep. | em, dentro de |
| ระหว่าง | rá-wàang | prep. | entre |
Grammar
บน / ใต้ / ใน — ของอยู่ตรงไหน บน / ใต้ / ใน — onde estão as coisas
บทที่ 24 เราใช้ "อยู่" บอกตำแหน่งด้วยคำอย่าง "ข้าง ๆ", "ข้างหลัง". ตอนนี้เพิ่มบุพบทสามคำสำหรับของในบ้าน: "บน" (on), "ใต้" (under), "ใน" (in). โครงคือ สิ่งของ + "อยู่" + บุพบท + ที่: "หนังสืออยู่บนโต๊ะ" (the book is on the table), "แมวอยู่ใต้เตียง" (the cat is under the bed), "เสื้ออยู่ในตู้" (the clothes are in the wardrobe). ถ้าจะบอกว่า "มีอะไรอยู่ที่ไหน" ใช้ "มี + สิ่งของ + อยู่ + บุพบท + ที่": "มีโซฟาอยู่ในห้องนั่งเล่น" (there is a sofa in the living room). ภาษาอังกฤษขึ้นต้นด้วย "there is/are" แต่ภาษาไทยไม่มีคำแบบนั้น — เริ่มที่ "มี" ได้เลย. ผู้พูดภาษาอังกฤษมักเติมประธานลอย ๆ ว่า "มัน" (it): "มันมีหมอนบนเตียง" ✗ → "มีหมอนอยู่บนเตียง" ✓. อย่าใส่ "มัน"; ใช้ "มี... อยู่..." พอ.
No cap. 24 usámos "อยู่" (está) com palavras como "ข้าง ๆ" (ao lado), "ข้างหลัง" (atrás) para dar a posição. Agora acrescenta três preposições para coisas de casa: "บน" (sobre), "ใต้" (debaixo de), "ใน" (em). O padrão é coisa + "อยู่" + preposição + lugar: "หนังสืออยู่บนโต๊ะ" (o livro está sobre a mesa), "แมวอยู่ใต้เตียง" (o gato está debaixo da cama), "เสื้ออยู่ในตู้" (a roupa está no armário). Para dizer "há algo nalgum sítio", usa "มี + coisa + อยู่ + preposição + lugar": "มีโซฟาอยู่ในห้องนั่งเล่น" (há um sofá na sala). O inglês abre com "there is/are", mas o tailandês não tem tal palavra — começa logo com "มี". Os anglófonos acrescentam um sujeito vazio "มัน" (it): "มันมีหมอนบนเตียง" ✗ → "มีหมอนอยู่บนเตียง" ✓. Não ponhas "มัน"; "มี... อยู่..." chega.
- หนังสืออยู่บนโต๊ะ nǎng-sʉ̌ʉ yùu bon dtó O livro está sobre a mesa.
- แมวอยู่ใต้เตียง maew yùu dtâi dtiang O gato está debaixo da cama.
- เสื้ออยู่ในตู้ sʉ̂a yùu nai dtûu A roupa está no armário.
- มีโซฟาอยู่ในห้องนั่งเล่น mii soo-faa yùu nai hâwng-nâng-lên Há um sofá na sala.
Culture
บ้านไทย A casa tailandesa
A casa tailandesa mudou muito nas grandes cidades. Muita gente de Banguecoque vive agora num condomínio ou numa casa geminada. Mas grande parte do que faz um lar parecer "tailandês" continua lá — descalçar os sapatos antes de entrar, a casa dos espíritos à frente, ou sentar-se a comer todos juntos. Vejamos como um lar tailandês difere daquele que conheces.
Das casas de madeira sobre estacas aos condomínios
A traditional Thai house is made of wood and raised on stilts above the ground. The open space underneath lets air flow through, keeps the house above floods in the rainy season, and serves as a place to sit or store things. The roof is very steep so the rain runs off fast. Today in big cities such houses are rarer; most people live in condos, townhouses or shophouse blocks. But in the provinces and along the rivers you still see raised wooden houses. The idea of "open, airy space" still matters in a hot country like Thailand.
A casa dos espíritos à frente
In front of a house, a shop, or even a tall building in Thailand, there is often a "spirit house" — a small house on a post for the guardian spirits of the land to live in. Thai people believe every plot of land has a spirit that looks after it, so they build a separate little house for it, away from the people indoors. Every day the owner usually offers water, flowers, incense and sometimes sweets or a red drink. When passing a spirit house, many Thai people will not point at it or joke loudly near it. This is a part of the home that is invisible in a Western house.
Descalçar-se e sentar-se no chão
The most important rule of a Thai home is to always "take off your shoes" before entering. The floor is treated as a clean place, and many households still eat or sleep close to the floor, so wearing shoes inside is considered very impolite. You will see shoes lined up in front of the door. Another thing to remember: the feet are seen as the "lowest" part of the body — do not point at people or things with your feet, and do not step on the door threshold, while the head is seen as high and important. When you enter a Thai home, just taking off your shoes and smiling already gets you off to a correct start.
Em resumo: um lar tailandês pode ser uma casa de madeira elevada ou um condomínio numa torre, mas o coração é o mesmo — espaço aberto, uma casa dos espíritos a vigiar a terra, os sapatos à porta e pessoas sentadas bem juntas a comer. Quando visitares um lar tailandês, repara nestes pequenos pormenores e verás que um lar é mais do que quartos quadrados.
tone
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