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Japanese · JLPT Band 1 (N5) · Chapter 45

A1の まとめ：そして・でも・だからWrapping up A1: soshite, demo, dakara

A1 no matome: soshite, demo, dakara

This is the last chapter of A1 (Band 1). We look back on what we have studied and learn words that connect sentences. Vocabulary: soshite, demo, dakara, fukushū, renshū, jishin, oboeru, tsuzukeru, ganbaru, kantan, tsugi, hajime. Key grammar: conjunctions that link sentences. "Soshite" (and then / also), "demo" (but, however), "dakara" (so, as a result). "~kara" gives a reason: attach "kara" to the end of the reason clause, and the reason comes first: "benkyō shita kara, ureshii desu" (because I studied, I'm happy). Note: "dakara" means the result comes after (reason → dakara → result), while "kara" is "reason + kara → result". English speakers, thinking of "because", tend to swap "dakara" and "kara": "ureshii desu, dakara benkyō shimashita" (= because I'm happy, I studied — reversed) → "benkyō shita kara, ureshii desu". Kana corner: let's review all the sounds.

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Dialogue

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A1が おわりました— A1 is finished

  1. YukiマMaイiクkuさsaんn、AA1がgaおoわwaりriまmaしshiたtaねne。どうDōでdeしshiたtaかka。Mike, A1 is finished. How was it?
  2. MikeたTaのnoしshiかkaっtたtaでdeすsu！わWaたtaしshiはwaうuれreしshiいiでdeすsu、だdaかkaらraたtaくkuさsaんnべbeんnきょうkyōしshiまmaしshiたta。It was fun! I'm happy, so I studied a lot.
  3. YukiいIいiけkeいiけkeんnでdeしshiたtaねne！でDeもmo、そsoれreだdaとto「うuれreしshiいiかkaらraべbeんnきょうkyōしshiたta」にniなnaりriまmaすsuよyo。「べBeんnきょうkyōしshiたtaかkaらra、うuれreしshiいiでdeすsu」のnoほうhōがgaいiいiでdeすsuねne。What a good experience! But that way it becomes "I studied because I'm happy". "Benkyō shita kara, ureshii desu" is better.
  4. MikeあA、そうsōかka。「べBeんnきょうkyōしshiたtaかkaらra、うuれreしshiいiでdeすsu」でdeすsuねne。Oh, I see. "Benkyō shita kara, ureshii desu", right.
  5. YukiそうSōでdeすsu！りRiゆうyūがgaさsaきkiでde、「かkaらra」がgaあaとtoでdeすsu。よYoくkuでdeきkiまmaしshiたta。That's right! The reason comes first, and "kara" after. Well done.
  6. MikeあAりriがgaとうtō！にNiほhoんnごgoはwaむmuずzuかkaしshiいiでdeすsu。でDeもmo、たtaのnoしshiいiでdeすsu。だDaかkaらra、こkoれreかkaらraもmoつtsuづzuけkeまmaすsu！Thanks! Japanese is hard. But it's fun. So I'll keep going!

Dialogue

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つぎは A2！— Next is A2!

  1. KenユYuキkiさsaんn、AA1でdeいiちchiばbaんnたtaのnoしshiかkaっtたtaこkoとtoはwaなnaんnでdeすsuかka。Yuki, what was the most fun thing in A1?
  2. YukiかKaいiわwaのnoれreんnしゅうshūでdeすsu。はHaじjiめmeはwaむmuずzuかkaしshiかkaっtたtaでdeすsu。でDeもmo、いiまmaはwaじjiしshiんnがgaあaりriまmaすsu。Conversation practice. At the beginning it was hard. But now I have confidence.
  3. KenいIいiでdeすsuねne。わWaたtaしshiはwaかkaんnじjiがgaむmuずzuかkaしshiかkaっtたtaでdeすsu。だDaかkaらra、まmaいiにniちchiれreんnしゅうshūしshiまmaしshiたta。Nice. Kanji was hard for me. So I practiced every day.
  4. YukiすSuごgoいiでdeすsuねne！つTsuづzuけkeたtaかkaらra、じょうjōずzuにniなnaりriまmaしshiたtaねne。Amazing! Because you kept going, you got good at it.
  5. KenあAりriがgaとうtō！つTsuぎgiはwaAA2でdeすsuねne。いIっsしょshoにniがgaんnばbaりriまmaしょうshō。Thanks! Next is A2. Let's do our best together.
  6. YukiはHaいi！わWaたtaしshiたtaちchiはwaたtaくkuさsaんnべbeんnきょうkyōしshiまmaしshiたta。だDaかkaらra、AA2もmoだdaいiじょうjōぶbuでdeすsu！Yes! We studied a lot. So A2 will be fine too!

Vocabulary

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そsoしshiてte

conjunctionand, and then

でdeもmo

conjunctionbut, however

だdaかkaらra

conjunctionso, therefore

ふfuくkuしゅうshū

nounreview

れreんnしゅうshū

nounpractice

じjiしshiんn

nounconfidence

おoぼboえeるru

verbto memorize, to learn

つtsuづzuけkeるru

verbto continue

がgaんnばbaるru

verbto do one's best, to try hard

かkaんnたtaんn

na-adj.easy, simple

つtsuぎgi

nounnext

はhaじjiめme

nounbeginning, start

Grammar

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Connecting sentences: soshite, demo, dakara, ~kara

Explanation

Let's learn the words that connect sentences. (1) "Soshite": say two things one after another (and also): "asa okimasu. Soshite, asagohan o tabemasu" (I get up in the morning. And then I eat breakfast). (2) "Demo": say something opposite (but): "nihongo wa muzukashii desu. Demo, tanoshii desu" (Japanese is hard. But it's fun). (3) "Dakara": the first part is the reason, the second is the result (so): "ashita tesuto ga arimasu. Dakara, benkyō shimasu" (there's a test tomorrow. So I'll study). (4) "~kara": give a reason within a single sentence. Attach "kara" to the end of the reason clause, and the reason comes first: "benkyō shita kara, ureshii desu" (because I studied, I'm happy). Key difference: "dakara" is "reason. Dakara result" (two sentences), while "~kara" is "reason-kara, result" (one sentence). Note: English "because" comes before the reason, but Japanese "kara" comes after the reason. Don't swap "dakara" and "kara" the English way: "ureshii desu, dakara benkyō shimashita" (= because I'm happy, I studied); if what you mean is "I'm happy because I studied", say "benkyō shita kara, ureshii desu".

Examples

  • あさ おきます。そして、あさごはんを たべます。I get up in the morning. And then I eat breakfast.
  • にほんごは むずかしいです。でも、たのしいです。Japanese is hard. But it's fun.
  • あした テストが あります。だから、きょう べんきょうします。There's a test tomorrow. So I'll study today.
  • たくさん れんしゅうした から、じょうずに なりました。Because I practiced a lot, I got good at it.
  • わたしは にほんが すきです。だから、にほんごを べんきょうして います。I like Japan. So I am studying Japanese.

Kana

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A1の おとの ふくしゅう— Reviewing the sounds of A1

Read the sentences and review the sounds you learned:

  • そして、でも、だからsoshite, demo, dakarathe connectors — dakara has voiced "da"
  • べんきょうしたから、うれしいですbenkyō shita kara, ureshii desubenkyō = long ō + small ょ; kara = reason
  • にほんごは たのしいですnihongo wa tanoshii desunihongo, tanoshii — short clear vowels
  • つぎは A2、がんばりましょうtsugi wa A2, ganbarimashōganbarimashō = long ō (しょう)

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