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Japanese · JLPT Band 1 (N5) · Chapter 44

プレゼントを あげます、もらいますGiving and receiving presents

Purezento o agemasu, moraimasu

Talking about celebrations and gifts. Vocabulary: tanjōbi, oiwai, purezento, okurimono, kādo, hanataba, kēki, omedetō, ageru, morau, kureru, iwau. Key grammar: the giving-and-receiving verbs ageru, morau and kureru. "A wa B ni ~ o agemasu" means A hands to B (moving outward): "watashi wa tomodachi ni purezento o agemasu" (I give my friend a present). "A wa B ni (kara) ~ o moraimasu" means A receives: "tanjōbi ni kādo o moraimashita" (I received a card for my birthday). "Kureru" is used when the other person gives to me (or my in-group): "tomodachi wa watashi ni purezento o kuremashita" (my friend gave me a present). The addressee (ni) is the particle "ni" you learned in ch40. Note: when the receiver is me, use "kureru", not "ageru". English "give" is one word, but Japanese chooses ageru / kureru by direction: "tomodachi wa watashi ni agemashita" ✗ → "tomodachi wa watashi ni kuremashita" ○. Kana corner: long sounds (kēki, kādo, pātī) and "omedetō".

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たんじょうび おめでとう— Happy birthday

  1. YukiマMaイiクkuさsaんn、きkiのうnōはwaたtaんnじょうjōびbiでdeしshiたtaねne。おOめmeでdeとうtō！Mike, yesterday was your birthday, wasn't it. Congratulations!
  2. MikeあAりriがgaとうtō！とToもmoだdaちchiはwaわwaたtaしshiにniケーkēキkiをoあaげgeまmaしshiたta。Thanks! My friend gave me a cake.
  3. YukiよYoかkaっtたtaでdeすsuねne！でDeもmo、あaいiてteがgaわwaたtaしshiにniくkuれreるruとtoきkiはwa「くkuれreまmaしshiたta」でdeすsuよyo。「とToもmoだdaちchiはwaわwaたtaしshiにniケーkēキkiをoくkuれreまmaしshiたta」。How nice! But when the other person gives to me, it's "kuremashita". "Tomodachi wa watashi ni kēki o kuremashita".
  4. MikeあA、なnaるruほhoどdo。「とToもmoだdaちchiはwaわwaたtaしshiにniケーkēキkiをoくkuれreまmaしshiたta」でdeすsuねne。Oh, I see. "Tomodachi wa watashi ni kēki o kuremashita", right.
  5. YukiそうSōでdeすsu！ほHoかkaにniもmoなnaにniかkaもmoらraいiまmaしshiたtaかka。That's right! Did you receive anything else?
  6. MikeはHaいi、はhaなnaたtaばbaもmoもmoらraいiまmaしshiたta。こKoんnどdo、わwaたtaしshiもmoとtoもmoだdaちchiにniプpuレreゼzeンnトtoをoあaげgeまmaすsu。Yes, I also received a bouquet. Next time, I'll give my friend a present too.

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おいわいの じゅんび— Preparing the celebration

  1. KenユYuキkiさsaんn、らraいiしゅうshūはwaたTaなnaかkaさsaんnのnoおoいiわwaいiでdeすsuねne。なNaにniをoあaげgeまmaすsuかka。Yuki, next week is Tanaka's celebration. What will you give?
  2. YukiわWaたtaしshiはwaはhaなnaたtaばbaをoあaげgeまmaすsu。ケKeンnさsaんnはwa？I'll give a bouquet. How about you, Ken?
  3. KenわWaたtaしshiはwaカーkāドdoをoあaげgeまmaすsu。たTaなnaかkaさsaんnはwaいiつtsuもmoしshiんnせseつtsuでdeすsu。I'll give a card. Tanaka is always kind.
  4. YukiいIいiでdeすsuねne。そSoれreかkaらra、ケーkēキkiもmoかkaいiまmaしょうshō。みMiんnなnaでdeたTaなnaかkaさsaんnをoいiわwaいiまmaしょうshō。Nice. Then let's buy a cake too. Let's all celebrate Tanaka together.
  5. KenさSaんnせseいiでdeすsu！たTaなnaかkaさsaんnはwaきkiっtとtoうuれreしshiいiでdeすsu。I agree! Tanaka will surely be happy.
  6. YukiでDeはwa、パーpāティーtīでdeプpuレreゼzeンnトtoをoあaげgeまmaしょうshō。たTaのnoしshiみmiでdeすsuねne！Then let's give the presents at the party. I'm looking forward to it!

Vocabulary

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たtaんnじょうjōびbi

nounbirthday

おoいiわwaいi

nouncelebration

プpuレreゼzeンnトto

nounpresent

おoくkuりriもmoのno

noungift

カーkāドdo

nouncard

はhaなnaたtaばba

nounbouquet

ケーkēキki

nouncake

おoめmeでdeとうtō

interjectioncongratulations

あaげgeるru

verbto give (to others)

もmoらraうu

verbto receive

くkuれreるru

verbto give (to me/us)

いiわwaうu

verbto celebrate

Grammar

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ageru, morau, kureru: giving and receiving

Explanation

With "ageru / morau / kureru" you show the direction of a giving. (1) ageru: the subject hands to the other person (moving outward). "A wa B ni ~ o agemasu": "watashi wa tomodachi ni purezento o agemasu" (I give my friend a present). (2) morau: the subject receives. "A wa B ni (or kara) ~ o moraimasu": "watashi wa tomodachi ni kādo o moraimashita" (I received a card from my friend). (3) kureru: the other person gives to me (or my in-group). Use it when the receiver is me: "tomodachi wa watashi ni purezento o kuremashita" (my friend gave me a present). Mark the person with the particle "ni" from ch40, and the thing (present, card) with "o". Important note: when the receiver is me, you cannot use "ageru" — use "kureru". English "give" is one verb, but Japanese splits outward (ageru) and inward (kureru): "tomodachi wa watashi ni agemashita" ✗ → "tomodachi wa watashi ni kuremashita" ○.

Examples

  • わたしは ははに はなたばを あげます。I give my mother a bouquet.
  • ともだちは わたしに プレゼントを くれました。My friend gave me a present.
  • わたしは たんじょうびに カードを もらいました。I received a card for my birthday.
  • たなかさんに おみやげを もらいました。I received a souvenir from Tanaka.
  • ケンさんは ともだちに ケーキを あげました。Ken gave his friend a cake.

Kana

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ながい おとと「おめでとう」— Long sounds and "omedetō"

Read the sentences and find the long sounds ("ー" / "ou"):

  • たんじょうび おめでとうtanjōbi omedetōomedetō = long ō (とう → tō)
  • ケーキを もらいましたkēki o moraimashitakēki = long ē (ケー)
  • カードを あげましたkādo o agemashitakādo = long ā (カー)
  • パーティーで プレゼントpātī de purezentopātī = two long marks (パー + ティー)

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