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Study in the app →English · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 23
Clothes and colours 服と色
服・サイズ・色：clothes, shirt, trousers, shoes, dress, size, red, blue, black, white。核心文法は「a / an」+ 色 + 名詞：a red shirt, an expensive dress。英語は数えられる一つの物の前に小さな「a」（母音の前は「an」）が必要 — 前に色があっても。韓国語には冠詞がないので韓国語話者は落とす：「I want blue shirt」✗ →「I want a blue shirt」✓。発音コーナー：「shirt」「shoes」、そして難しい「clothes」。文化：買い物と行列。
Dialogue
blue shirt or a blue shirt? — blue shirt？ a blue shirt？
- Emma Minsu, what do you want to buy? ミンス、何を買いたいですか？
- Minsu I want to buy blue shirt. 青いシャツを買いたいです。（間違い: 一つのシャツには「a」→「a blue shirt」）
- Emma Say "a": I want to buy a blue shirt. 「a」と言って：I want to buy a blue shirt。
- Minsu Oh, I want to buy a blue shirt. あ、青いシャツを買いたいです。
Dialogue
At the clothes shop — 服屋で
- Minsu Hello. I want to buy a red shirt. こんにちは。赤いシャツを買いたいです。
- Assistant What size? We have a big shirt and a small shirt. サイズは？大きいシャツと小さいシャツがあります。
- Minsu The small shirt, please. How much is it? 小さいシャツをください。いくらですか？
- Assistant It's twelve dollars. 十二ドルです。
Vocabulary
| 汉字 | Pinyin | POS | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| clothes | n. | 服 | |
| shirt | n. | シャツ | |
| trousers | n. | ズボン | |
| shoes | n. | 靴 | |
| dress | n. | ワンピース | |
| size | n. | サイズ | |
| red | adj. | 赤い | |
| blue | adj. | 青い | |
| black | adj. | 黒い | |
| white | adj. | 白い |
Grammar
"a / an" + colour + noun 「a / an」+ 色 + 名詞
A colour goes before the noun: a red shirt, a blue dress, black shoes. For ONE countable thing you also need "a" before the colour: a red shirt, a white bag. Use "an" when the next word starts with a vowel sound: an expensive shirt, an old bag. Plurals take no "a": blue shoes, black trousers (not "a blue shoes"). Korean has no word for "a", so Korean speakers say "I want blue shirt" — but English needs it: I want a blue shirt. This is the same little "a" from the articles lesson, now with a colour in the middle.
色は名詞の前に来る：a red shirt, a blue dress, black shoes。数えられる一つには色の前にも「a」が必要：a red shirt, a white bag。次の語が母音の音で始まるとき「an」：an expensive shirt, an old bag。複数は「a」なし：blue shoes, black trousers（「a blue shoes」ではない）。韓国語には「a」がないので韓国語話者は「I want blue shirt」と言う — でも英語は必要：I want a blue shirt。冠詞の授業のあの小さな「a」、今は真ん中に色がある。
- I want a red shirt. 赤いシャツが欲しいです。
- This is an expensive dress. これは高いワンピースです。
- She has a white bag and black shoes. 彼女は白いかばんと黒い靴を持っています。
- Do you have a big shirt? I want a small size. 大きいシャツはありますか？小さいサイズが欲しいです。
Culture
Shopping and queuing 買い物と行列
アメリカ、イギリス、オーストラリア、カナダでの買い物にはいくつかの静かなルールがあります。値段はたいてい決まっていて、行列で順番を待ち、よく品物を返せます。これを知っていると、店に入るのがずっと楽になります。
決まった値段
In most shops and supermarkets, the price on the tag is the price you pay — there is no haggling. Asking a shop assistant to lower the price on a shirt would feel strange. Bargaining does happen, but only in a few places: outdoor markets, car sales, and second-hand or garage sales. So at a normal shop, just take it to the till and pay the marked price.
行列
Waiting your turn is taken seriously, especially in Britain. The British call it a "queue"; Americans say a "line", and you "stand in line". You join at the back and wait — pushing in front of others ("jumping the queue") is considered very rude. At a shop with several tills, there may be one line that feeds them all. When it is your turn, the assistant will say "Next, please".
レシートを取っておく
After you pay, the assistant gives you a receipt — keep it. In most English-speaking countries you can bring an item back within a set time (often two weeks or a month) for a refund or an exchange, but usually only with the receipt. If a shirt is the wrong size or colour, this is normal and easy: just say "I'd like to return this" or "Can I exchange it?". Shops expect it, and "the customer is always right" is a common saying.
だから英語圏の店では：タグの値段を払い、行列で順番を待ち、返したいときのためにレシートを取っておく。ルールは簡単 — 知ってしまえば買い物は楽に感じます。
pronunciation
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