Indonesian · BIPA 1 (A1) · Chapter 26
Penampilan dan perbandinganLooks and comparison
Vocabulary for describing people: tinggi, pendek, gemuk, kurus, rambut, mata, cantik, ramah, lebih, daripada. Key grammar: compare with "lebih + adjective + daripada" — "lebih tinggi daripada" (taller than), "lebih cantik daripada" (prettier than). "lebih" MUST come before the adjective. English speakers mark the comparison on the adjective ("tall-er"), so they often forget "lebih" — "tinggi daripada saya" ✗ → "lebih tinggi daripada saya" ✓. Superlative: use "paling" — "paling tinggi" (the tallest).
Dialogue
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tinggi daripada? lebih tinggi daripada?— tinggi daripada? or lebih tinggi daripada?
- BudiMike, adik kamu tinggi tidak?Mike, is your younger sibling tall?
- MikeTidak. Saya tinggi daripada dia.No. I am taller than him. (slip: you need "lebih" before the adjective → "Saya lebih tinggi daripada dia")
- BudiPerlu "lebih" sebelum sifatnya: "Saya lebih tinggi daripada dia."You need "lebih" before the adjective: "Saya lebih tinggi daripada dia."
- MikeOh, saya lebih tinggi daripada dia.Oh, I am taller than him.
Dialogue
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Siapa yang lebih tinggi?— Who is taller?
- SariMike, dua teman kamu, siapa yang lebih tinggi?Mike, your two friends, who is taller?
- MikeTom lebih tinggi daripada Mark, tapi Mark lebih ramah.Tom is taller than Mark, but Mark is friendlier.
- SariMark lebih ramah daripada Tom?Mark is friendlier than Tom?
- MikeYa, Mark yang paling ramah di antara kami.Yes, Mark is the friendliest among us.
Vocabulary
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- tinggi
adjectivetall, high
- pendek
adjectiveshort
- gemuk
adjectivefat
- kurus
adjectivethin, slim
- rambut
nounhair
- mata
nouneye
- cantik
adjectivebeautiful, pretty
- ramah
adjectivefriendly, kind
- lebih
adverbmore (comparative marker)
- daripada
prepositionthan
Grammar
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Comparison: "lebih tinggi daripada" ("lebih" is required)
Explanation
Compare two things with the pattern: A + "lebih" + adjective + "daripada" + B. "Budi lebih tinggi daripada Mike" (Budi is taller than Mike), "Rumah ini lebih besar daripada rumah itu" (this house is bigger than that house). Key: "lebih" MUST come before the adjective. In English the comparison is marked on the adjective itself ("tall-er"), so English speakers often forget "lebih" and say "tinggi daripada saya" ✗ — missing "lebih". The correct form is "lebih tinggi daripada saya" ✓. "daripada" can be shortened to "dari" in speech. For the superlative (the most …), use "paling" before the adjective: "paling tinggi" (the tallest), "paling ramah" (the friendliest). Ask a comparison: "Siapa yang lebih tinggi?" (who is taller?).
Examples
- Budi lebih tinggi daripada Mike.Budi is taller than Mike.
- Adik lebih pendek daripada kakak.The younger sibling is shorter than the older one.
- Kucing ini lebih gemuk daripada kucing itu.This cat is fatter than that cat.
- Siapa yang paling ramah?Who is the friendliest?
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