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Japanese · JLPT Band 1 (N5) · Chapter 31

いちにちの せいかつDaily life

Ichinichi no seikatsu

Talking about your daily life and how often you do things. Vocabulary: okiru, neru, arau, migaku, maiasa, itsumo, taitei, yoku, tokidoki, amari, zenzen. Key grammar: adverbs of frequency (how often) go before the verb — "itsumo okimasu" (I always get up), "taitei arukimasu" (I usually walk). But "amari" and "zenzen" MUST go with a negative "-masen": "amari nomimasen" (I don't drink much), "zenzen tabemasen" (I never eat). From English "I don't drink coffee much", English speakers use "amari" with a positive verb: "amari nomimasu" ✗ → "amari nomimasen" ✓. Kana corner: the "n" of "zenzen", the long vowel of "taitei".

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Dialogue

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あまり のみます? あまり のみません?— amari nomimasu? amari nomimasen?

  1. YukiマMaイiクkuさsaんn、あaさsaよyoくkuコーkōヒーhīをoのnoみmiまmaすsuかka？Mike, do you often drink coffee in the morning?
  2. MikeいIいiえe、あaまmaりriコーkōヒーhīをoのnoみmiまmaすsu。No, I don't drink much coffee. (slip: "amari" needs the negative "-masen" → amari kōhī o nomimasen)
  3. Yuki「あAまmaりri」はwa「〜まmaせseんn」とtoいiっsしょshoでdeすsu：「あaまmaりriのnoみmiまmaせseんn」。"Amari" goes with "-masen": "amari nomimasen".
  4. MikeあA、あaまmaりriコーkōヒーhīをoのnoみmiまmaせseんn。おOちゃchaをoよyoくkuのnoみmiまmaすsu。Ah, I don't drink much coffee. I often drink tea.
  5. YukiいIいiでdeすsuねne！「ぜZeんnぜzeんn」もmoおoなnaじjiでdeすsu：「ぜzeんnぜzeんnのnoみmiまmaせseんn」。Nice! "Zenzen" is the same: "zenzen nomimasen".
  6. MikeわWaかkaりriまmaしshiたta。ぜZeんnぜzeんnおoさsaけkeをoのnoみmiまmaせseんn！I understand. I never drink alcohol!

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ユキさんの あさ— Yuki's morning

  1. MikeユYuキkiさsaんn、まmaいiあaさsaなnaんnじjiにniおoきkiまmaすsuかka？Yuki, what time do you get up every morning?
  2. YukiたTaいiてteいiろroくkuじjiはhaんnにniおoきkiまmaすsu。そSoしshiてteかkaおoをoあaらraいiまmaすsu。I usually get up at half past six. Then I wash my face.
  3. MikeよYoくkuあaさsaごgoはhaんnをoたtaべbeまmaすsuかka？Do you often eat breakfast?
  4. YukiはHaいi、よyoくkuたtaべbeまmaすsu。でDeもmoあaさsaはwaあaまmaりriテteレreビbiをoみmiまmaせseんn。Yes, I often eat it. But I don't watch much TV in the morning.
  5. MikeすSuごgoいi！わWaたtaしshiはwaとtoきkiどdoきkiあaさsaごgoはhaんnをoたtaべbeまmaせseんn。Wow! I sometimes don't eat breakfast.
  6. YukiあAさsaごgoはhaんnはwaたtaいiせseつtsuでdeすsuよyo！まMaいiあaさsaたtaべbeまmaしょうshō。Breakfast is important! Eat it every morning.

Vocabulary

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おoきkiるru

verbto get up (→ okimasu)

ねneるru

verbto sleep, go to bed (→ nemasu)

あaらraうu

verbto wash (→ araimasu)

みmiがgaくku

verbto brush, polish (→ migakimasu)

まmaいiあaさsa

nounevery morning

いiつtsuもmo

adverbalways

たtaいiてteいi

adverbusually

よyoくku

adverboften

とtoきkiどdoきki

adverbsometimes

あaまmaりri

adverbnot much (+ negative)

ぜzeんnぜzeんn

adverbnot at all (+ negative)

Grammar

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Adverbs of frequency: "itsumo", "amari ... -masen"

Explanation

How often you do something is said with adverbs. From most to least: itsumo (100%) > taitei > yoku > tokidoki > amari ...-masen > zenzen ...-masen (0%). The adverb goes before the verb: "maiasa itsumo okimasu" (every morning I always get up), "yoku sanpo shimasu" (I often take a walk). This is key: "amari" (not much) and "zenzen" (not at all) MUST be used with a negative "-masen": "amari terebi o mimasen" (I don't watch much TV), "zenzen osake o nomimasen" (I never drink alcohol). From English "I don't drink much", English speakers tend to use "amari" with a positive verb (-masu): "amari nomimasu" ✗ → "amari nomimasen" ✓. When you see "amari" or "zenzen", make the end of the sentence "-masen".

Examples

  • わたしは まいあさ ろくじに おきます。I always get up at six every morning.
  • たいてい あるいて がっこうに いきます。I usually walk to school.
  • あさは あまり テレビを みません。I don't watch much TV in the morning.
  • わたしは ぜんぜん おさけを のみません。I never drink alcohol.

Kana

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ふくしの おと— The sounds of the adverbs

Read the sentences in hiragana:

  • いつも ろくじに おきますitsumo roku-ji ni okimasuI always get up at six
  • ときどき さんぽしますtokidoki sanpo shimasuI sometimes take a walk
  • あまり みませんamari mimasenI don't watch much
  • ぜんぜん のみませんzenzen nomimasenI never drink (it)

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