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Japanese · JLPT Band 1 (N5) · Chapter 35

たくさん たべますかDo you eat a lot?

Takusan tabemasu ka?

Talking about food and quantity. Vocabulary: gohan, niku, sakana, yasai, kudamono, tamago, mizu, pan, takusan, sukoshi, zenbu. Key grammar: when you say a number, the "number + counter" goes after noun + "o": "ringo o futatsu tabemasu" (I eat two apples; ringo o → futatsu → tabemasu). "Takusan" and "sukoshi" also go before the verb: "mizu o takusan nomimasu" (I drink a lot of water). Following the English "two apples" order, English speakers tend to put the number before the noun: "futatsu ringo o tabemasu" ✗ → "ringo o futatsu tabemasu" ✓. Kana corner: the small "tsu" of "futatsu"/"mittsu", the sound of "takusan".

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Dialogue

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ふたつ りんごを / りんごを ふたつ— futatsu ringo o / ringo o futatsu

  1. YukiマMaイiクkuさsaんn、あaさsaなnaにniをoたtaべbeまmaすsuかka？Mike, what do you eat in the morning?
  2. MikeふFuたtaつtsuりriんnごgoをoたtaべbeまmaすsu。そSoしshiてteみmiずzuをoのnoみmiまmaすsu。I eat two apples. And I drink water. (slip: put the number after noun + "o" → ringo o futatsu tabemasu)
  3. YukiかKaずzuはwa「をo」のnoあaとtoでdeすsu：「りriんnごgoをoふfuたtaつtsuたtaべbeまmaすsu」。The number goes after "o": "ringo o futatsu tabemasu".
  4. MikeあA、りriんnごgoをoふfuたtaつtsuたtaべbeまmaすsu。そSoしshiてteみmiずzuをoたtaくkuさsaんnのnoみmiまmaすsu。Ah, I eat two apples. And I drink a lot of water.
  5. YukiかKaんnぺpeきki！「たTaくkuさsaんn」「すsuこkoしshi」もmoどうdōしshiのnoまmaえeでdeすsuねne。Perfect! "Takusan" and "sukoshi" also go before the verb.
  6. MikeわWaかkaりriまmaしshiたta。やYaさsaいiをoたtaくkuさsaんnたtaべbeまmaすsu！I understand. I eat a lot of vegetables!

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ばんごはんの かいもの— Shopping for dinner

  1. MikeユYuキkiさsaんn、ばbaんnごgoはhaんnにniなnaにniがgaいiりriまmaすsuかka？Yuki, what do we need for dinner?
  2. YukiさSaかkaなnaとtoやyaさsaいiをoたtaくkuさsaんnかkaいiまmaしょうshō。Let's buy fish and a lot of vegetables.
  3. MikeたTaまmaごgoはwaいiくkuつtsuかkaいiまmaすsuかka？How many eggs shall we buy?
  4. YukiたTaまmaごgoをoむmuっtつtsuかkaいiまmaすsu。パPaンnもmoすsuこkoしshiかkaいiまmaしょうshō。We buy six eggs. Let's also buy a little bread.
  5. MikeいIいiでdeすsuねne。わWaたtaしshiはwaごgoはhaんnをoたtaくkuさsaんnたtaべbeまmaすsu！Sounds good. I eat a lot of rice!
  6. YukiじゃあJā、ごgoはhaんnもmoかkaいiまmaしょうshō。おOいiしshiいiばbaんnごgoはhaんnをoつtsuくkuりriまmaしょうshō！Then let's buy rice too. Let's make a delicious dinner!

Vocabulary

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ごgoはhaんn

nounrice, meal

にniくku

nounmeat

さsaかkaなna

nounfish

やyaさsaいi

nounvegetable

くkuだdaもmoのno

nounfruit

たtaまmaごgo

nounegg

みmiずzu

nounwater

パpaンn

nounbread

たtaくkuさsaんn

adverba lot, many

すsuこkoしshi

adverba little

ぜzeんnぶbu

nounall, everything

Grammar

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Where the number goes: ringo o futatsu tabemasu

Explanation

When you say how many you eat or drink, the "number + counter" (hitotsu, futatsu, mittsu…) goes after noun + "o" and before the verb. Unlike the English "two apples", the number does not come before the noun: "ringo o futatsu tabemasu" (I eat two apples), "tamago o mittsu kaimasu" (I buy three eggs). The quantity adverbs "takusan" and "sukoshi" go in the same spot, before the verb: "mizu o takusan nomimasu" (I drink a lot of water), "gohan o sukoshi tabemasu" (I eat a little rice). English speakers, following the "two apples" order, tend to put the number before the noun: "futatsu ringo o tabemasu" ✗ → "ringo o futatsu tabemasu" ✓. Always put the number and the adverb right before the verb.

Examples

  • りんごを ふたつ たべます。I eat two apples.
  • みずを たくさん のみます。I drink a lot of water.
  • にくを すこし たべます。I eat a little meat.
  • やさいを たくさん たべます。だから げんきです。I eat a lot of vegetables. So I am healthy.

Kana

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かぞえる ことばの「っ」— The "tsu" in counting words

Read the sentences in hiragana:

  • りんごを ふたつ たべますringo o futatsu tabemasuI eat two apples
  • たまごを みっつ かいますtamago o mittsu kaimasuI buy three eggs
  • みずを たくさん のみますmizu o takusan nomimasuI drink a lot of water
  • ごはんを すこし たべますgohan o sukoshi tabemasuI eat a little rice

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