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Thai · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 45

จบ A1: และ แต่ เพราะ เลยFinishing A1: and, but, because, so

còp A1: lɛ́ tɛ̀ɛ phrɔ́ loəəi

This is the last chapter of A1. We look back on the journey we have studied and learn words that connect sentences. Vocabulary: lɛ́, tɛ̀ɛ, phrɔ́, looei, thóp-thuan, fʉ̀k, mân-cai, phát-thá-naa, tɔ̀ɔ, phá-yaa-yaam, sèt, rə̂əm. Key grammar: sentence connectors. "และ" (joins two similar things), "แต่" (contrast), "เพราะ" (gives a reason, placed before the reason like "because"), "เลย" (gives a result, placed before the result like "so"). Note: don't confuse "เลย" (so, the result follows) with "เพราะ" (because, the reason follows). English speakers often say "เรียนหนักเลยชอบ" (= I study so I like, reversed) when they mean "เรียนหนักเพราะชอบ" (I study because I like) ✓. Tone corner: review all five tones.

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Dialogue

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เราเรียนจบ A1 แล้ว!— We have finished A1!

  1. Somchaiเจมส์JamesเราraoเรียนrianจบcòpA1A1แล้วlɛ́ɛwนะnáครับkráp!รู้สึกrúu-sʉ̀kยังไงyaŋ-ngaiบ้างbâaŋJames, we've finished A1! How do you feel?
  2. Jamesดีdiiใจcaiมากmâakครับkráp!ผมphǒmเรียนrianหนักnàkเลยloəəiชอบchɔ̂ɔpภาphaaษาsǎaไทยthaiVery happy! I study hard so I like Thai. (slip: he means "study BECAUSE I like" — use เพราะ: เรียนหนักเพราะชอบ; เลย = "so", which reverses cause and result)
  3. Somchaiอ๋อɔ̌ɔ"เลยloəəi"แปลplɛɛว่าwâa"ดังdaŋนั้นnán"ครับkrápถ้าthâaจะcàบอกbɔ̀ɔkเหตุhèetใช้chái"เพราะphrɔ́":"ผมphǒmเรียนrianหนักnàkเพราะphrɔ́ผมphǒmชอบchɔ̂ɔpภาphaaษาsǎaไทยthai"Ah, "เลย" means "therefore". To give a reason, use "เพราะ": "ผมเรียนหนักเพราะผมชอบภาษาไทย".
  4. Jamesอ๋อɔ̌ɔเข้าใจkhâocaiแล้วlɛ́ɛwครับkráp"ผมphǒmเรียนrianหนักnàkเพราะphrɔ́ผมphǒmชอบchɔ̂ɔpภาphaaษาsǎaไทยthai"Ah, I get it. "ผมเรียนหนักเพราะผมชอบภาษาไทย" (I study hard because I like Thai).
  5. Somchaiถูกthùukต้องtɔ̂ɔŋครับkráp!ตอนtɔɔnแรกrɛ̂ɛkภาphaaษาsǎaไทยthaiยากyâakแต่tɛ̀ɛตอนtɔɔnนี้níiคุณkhunมั่นmânใจcaiขึ้นkhʉ̂nคุณkhunพัฒนาphát-thá-naaไปpaiเยอะyóeCorrect! At first Thai was hard, but now you're more confident. You've improved a lot.
  6. Jamesขอบkhɔ̀ɔpคุณkhunครับkráp!ผมphǒmจะcàเรียนrianต่อtɔ̀ɔเพราะphrɔ́ผมphǒmอยากyàakพูดphûutเก่งkèŋขึ้นkhʉ̂nThanks! I'll keep studying because I want to speak better.

Dialogue

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ต่อไปคือ A2— Next is A2

  1. Maleeเจมส์Jamesส่วนsùanไหนnǎiของkhɔ̌ɔŋA1A1ที่thîiคุณkhunชอบchɔ̂ɔpที่สุดthîi-sùtคะkháJames, which part of A1 did you like the most?
  2. Jamesผมphǒmชอบchɔ̂ɔpฝึกfʉ̀kสนทนาsǒn-thá-naaที่thîiสุดsùtครับkrápตอนtɔɔnแรกrɛ̂ɛkยากyâakแต่tɛ̀ɛตอนtɔɔnนี้níiผมphǒmมั่นmânใจcaiI liked conversation practice the most. At first it was hard but now I'm confident.
  3. Maleeฉันchǎnก็kɔ̂เหมือนmʉ̌anกันkanค่ะkâฉันchǎnชอบchɔ̂ɔpตัวtuaอักàkษรsɔ̌ɔnไทยthaiเพราะphrɔ́มีmiiวรรณยุกต์wan-ná-yúkที่thîiน่าnâaสนsǒnใจcaiMe too. I like the Thai script because it has interesting tones.
  4. Jamesจริงciŋครับkráp!วรรณยุกต์wan-ná-yúkยากyâakเราraoเลยloəəiต้องtɔ̂ŋฝึกfʉ̀kเยอะyóeTrue! The tones are hard, so we have to practice a lot.
  5. Maleeต่อtɔ̀ɔไปpaiคือkhʉʉAA22kâค่ะkâเพราะraoเราpháพยาyaaยามyaamมากmâakเราraoเลยloəəiไม่mâiต้องtɔ̂ɔŋกังkaŋวลwonNext is A2. Because we've tried hard, we don't have to worry.
  6. Jamesเห็นhěnด้วยdûaiครับkráp!เราraoมาmaaเรียนrianต่อtɔ̀ɔและlɛ́พัฒนาphát-thá-naaไปpaiด้วยกันdûaikanนะnáครับkrápAgreed! Let's keep studying and improve together.

Vocabulary

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และlɛ́

conjunctionand

แต่tɛ̀ɛ

conjunctionbut

เพราะphrɔ́

conjunctionbecause

เลยloəəi

conjunctionso, therefore (as a result)

ทบthópทวนthuan

verbto review

ฝึกfʉ̀k

verbto practice

มั่นmânใจcai

adjectiveconfident

พัฒนาphát-thá-naa

verbto develop, to improve

ต่อtɔ̀ɔ

verbto continue

พยายามphá-yaa-yaam

verbto try hard, to make an effort

เสร็จsèt

adjectivefinished, done

เริ่มrə̂əm

verbto begin, to start

Grammar

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Connecting sentences: and, but, because, so

Explanation

Let's learn four sentence connectors. (1) "และ" joins two similar things (addition): "ผมเรียนภาษาไทยและภาษาญี่ปุ่น" (I study Thai and Japanese). (2) "แต่" states something opposite: "ภาษาไทยยากแต่สนุก" (Thai is hard but fun). (3) "เพราะ" gives a reason, placed "before the reason" (like "because"): "ผมอยู่บ้านเพราะฝนตก" (stay home ← เพราะ → it rains). (4) "เลย" gives a result, placed "before the result" (like "so"): "ฝนตกผมเลยอยู่บ้าน" (it rains → เลย → stay home). Important note: "เลย" = so (the result follows), "เพราะ" = because (the reason follows). English speakers often confuse them: they mean "ผมเรียนหนักเพราะผมชอบ" (I study because I like) but say "ผมเรียนหนักเลยชอบ" (I study so I like — reversed meaning). To give a reason, use "เพราะ".

Examples

  • ผมเรียนภาษาไทยและภาษาญี่ปุ่นI study Thai and Japanese.
  • ภาษาไทยยากแต่สนุกThai is hard but fun.
  • ฝนตกผมเลยอยู่บ้านIt's raining, so I stay home.
  • ผมอยู่บ้านเพราะฝนตกI stay home because it's raining.
  • ผมเรียนทุกวันเพราะผมชอบภาษาไทยI study every day because I like Thai.

Script & tones

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ทบทวนวรรณยุกต์ห้าเสียง— Reviewing the five tones

Read each group aloud and feel the five tones:

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