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Study in the app →English · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 43
Have you ever been to Japan? Pernah ke Jepang?
Kita berbicara tentang perjalanan dan pengalaman. Kosakata: trip, abroad, beach, plane, passport, suitcase, souvenir, hotel, island, stay, experience, travel. Tata bahasa inti: present perfect untuk pengalaman hidup — "have/has" + PARTISIPEL LAMPAU: "I have been to Japan", "She has visited many countries". Untuk menanyakan pengalaman, pakai "Have you ever + partisipel lampau?": "Have you ever flown on a plane?". Bentuk negatifnya "have/has never": "I have never been abroad". Partisipel lampau: sebagian beraturan (-ed: "visited", "stayed"), tetapi banyak yang tak beraturan — go/be → "been", eat → "eaten", see → "seen", take → "taken". Di ch34 kamu belajar past simple ("I went to Japan") untuk waktu tertentu; present perfect ("I have been to Japan") tentang pengalaman, tanpa waktu tertentu. Catatan: bahasa Korea menandai pengalaman secara berbeda, jadi pembelajar sering memakai kata kerja dasar: "Have you ever go?" ✗ → "Have you ever been?" ✓. Sudut pengucapan: "have" lemah /həv/ dan bentuk singkat "I've".
Dialogue
Have you ever been abroad? — Pernah ke luar negeri?
- Emma Minsu, have you ever been abroad? Minsu, kamu pernah ke luar negeri?
- Minsu Yes! I have been to Thailand. And you? Have you ever go to Korea? Pernah! Aku pernah ke Thailand. Kalau kamu? Kamu pernah ke Korea? (slip: setelah "ever" pakai partisipel lampau "been", bukan "go": Have you ever been to Korea?)
- Emma After "ever" we use the past participle, not "go". Say "Have you ever been to Korea?" Setelah "ever" kita pakai partisipel lampau, bukan "go". Katakan "Have you ever been to Korea?"
- Minsu Ah, I see. Have you ever been to Korea? Ah, aku paham. Kamu pernah ke Korea?
- Emma Yes, I have! I stayed in Seoul for a week. I have never eaten such good food. Ya, pernah! Aku menginap di Seoul selama seminggu. Aku belum pernah makan makanan seenak itu.
- Minsu Nice! I have visited Japan, but I have never been to Europe. Bagus! Aku pernah ke Jepang, tapi belum pernah ke Eropa.
Dialogue
Planning a summer trip — Merencanakan perjalanan musim panas
- Jack Emma, I want to travel this summer. Have you ever been to Italy? Emma, musim panas ini aku ingin bepergian. Kamu pernah ke Italia?
- Emma Yes, I have. I went there in 2022. I stayed on a small island. Ya, pernah. Aku ke sana tahun 2022. Aku menginap di pulau kecil.
- Jack Wonderful! Was it expensive? Luar biasa! Apakah mahal?
- Emma The hotel was cheap, but the plane was not. I bought many souvenirs. Hotelnya murah, tapi pesawatnya tidak. Aku membeli banyak suvenir.
- Jack I have never traveled abroad. I want a new experience. Aku belum pernah bepergian ke luar negeri. Aku ingin pengalaman baru.
- Emma Then go! Take your passport and a suitcase, and enjoy the beach. Kalau begitu, pergilah! Bawa paspor dan koper, dan nikmati pantainya.
Vocabulary
| 汉字 | Pinyin | POS | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| trip | n. | perjalanan | |
| abroad | adv. | ke luar negeri | |
| beach | n. | pantai | |
| plane | n. | pesawat | |
| passport | n. | paspor | |
| suitcase | n. | koper | |
| souvenir | n. | suvenir, oleh-oleh | |
| hotel | n. | hotel | |
| island | n. | pulau | |
| stay | v. | menginap, tinggal | |
| experience | n. | pengalaman | |
| travel | v. | bepergian |
Grammar
"have/has" + past participle: experience "have/has" + partisipel lampau: pengalaman
The present perfect links the past to now. Form it with "have" (or "has" for he/she/it) + the PAST PARTICIPLE: "I have visited Paris", "She has seen that film". We use it for LIFE EXPERIENCE — something that happened at some time before now, when the exact time does not matter. To ask about experience, use "Have you ever + past participle?": "Have you ever been to Japan?", "Has he ever flown on a plane?". The word "ever" means "at any time in your life". To say there is no experience, use "never": "I have never been abroad". Past participles: regular verbs add "-ed" (visit → "visited", stay → "stayed"), but many common verbs are irregular and you must learn them: be/go → "been", eat → "eaten", see → "seen", do → "done", take → "taken". In speech we usually contract "have": "I've been", "you've seen", "she's eaten". Careful — do NOT use the base verb after "ever": "Have you ever go?" ✗ → "Have you ever been?" ✓. Compare with ch34: the past simple "I went to Japan in 2019" gives a specific time; the present perfect "I have been to Japan" is the experience, with no time.
Present perfect menghubungkan masa lalu dengan sekarang. Bentuk dengan "have" (he/she/it pakai "has") + partisipel lampau: "I have visited Paris", "She has seen that film". Kita memakainya untuk PENGALAMAN HIDUP — sesuatu yang terjadi pada suatu waktu sebelum sekarang, ketika waktu pastinya tidak penting. Untuk menanyakan pengalaman, pakai "Have you ever + partisipel lampau?": "Have you ever been to Japan?", "Has he ever flown on a plane?". Kata "ever" berarti "kapan pun dalam hidupmu". Untuk mengatakan tidak ada pengalaman, pakai "never": "I have never been abroad". Partisipel lampau: kata kerja beraturan menambah "-ed" (visit → "visited", stay → "stayed"), tetapi banyak kata kerja umum tak beraturan dan harus dihafal: be/go → "been", eat → "eaten", see → "seen", do → "done", take → "taken". Saat bicara kita biasa menyingkat "have": "I've been", "you've seen", "she's eaten". Hati-hati — jangan pakai kata kerja dasar setelah "ever": "Have you ever go?" ✗ → "Have you ever been?" ✓. Bandingkan dengan ch34: past simple "I went to Japan in 2019" memberi waktu tertentu; present perfect "I have been to Japan" adalah pengalaman, tanpa waktu.
- I have been to Japan. Saya pernah ke Jepang.
- Have you ever flown on a plane? Apakah kamu pernah naik pesawat?
- I have stayed at that hotel before. Saya pernah menginap di hotel itu.
- We have never been abroad. Kami belum pernah ke luar negeri.
- He has visited many countries. Dia sudah mengunjungi banyak negara.
pronunciation
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