Have you ever been to Japan? にほんに いった ことが ありますか。

The present perfect links the past to now. Form it with "have" (or "has" for he/she/it) + the PAST PARTICIPLE: "I have visited Paris", "She has seen that film". We use it for LIFE EXPERIENCE — something that happened at some time before now, when the exact time does not matter. To ask about experience, use "Have you ever + past participle?": "Have you ever been to Japan?", "Has he ever flown on a plane?". The word "ever" means "at any time in your life". To say there is no experience, use "never": "I have never been abroad". Past participles: regular verbs add "-ed" (visit → "visited", stay → "stayed"), but many common verbs are irregular and you must learn them: be/go → "been", eat → "eaten", see → "seen", do → "done", take → "taken". In speech we usually contract "have": "I've been", "you've seen", "she's eaten". Careful — do NOT use the base verb after "ever": "Have you ever go?" ✗ → "Have you ever been?" ✓. Compare with ch34: the past simple "I went to Japan in 2019" gives a specific time; the present perfect "I have been to Japan" is the experience, with no time.

げんざいかんりょうは かこと いまを つなぐ。"have"（he/she/it は "has"）+ かこぶんしで つくる: "I have visited Paris"、"She has seen that film"。じんせいの けいけん — いまより まえの あるときに おきた こと、せいかくな じかんが だいじで ない とき — に つかう。けいけんを きくには "Have you ever + かこぶんし?": "Have you ever been to Japan?"、"Has he ever flown on a plane?"。"ever" は「じんせいの どの ときも」の いみ。けいけんが ないと いうには "never": "I have never been abroad"。かこぶんし: きそく どうしは "-ed" を つける（visit → "visited"、stay → "stayed"）が、おおくの よく つかう どうしは ふきそくで おぼえる ひつよう: be/go → "been"、eat → "eaten"、see → "seen"、do → "done"、take → "taken"。はなす ときは ふつう "have" を しゅくやく: "I've been"、"you've seen"、"she's eaten"。ちゅうい — "ever" の あとに どうしの げんけいを つかわない: "Have you ever go?" ✗ → "Have you ever been?" ✓。ch34と くらべて: かこの "I went to Japan in 2019" は ぐたいてきな じかんを あたえ、げんざいかんりょうの "I have been to Japan" は けいけんで じかんが ない。