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Study in the app →Thai · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 42
คุณว่ายน้ำเป็นไหม Sabes nadar?
Falamos de tecnologia e capacidade ("เป็น" e "ได้"). Vocabulário: sà-máat-fohn, khawm-phiu-dtôe, áep, in-thoe-nét, rá-hàt-phàan, ban-chii, khâw-khwaam, soo-chîan-mii-dia, chái, daao-lòht, sà-dùak, khàp-rót. Gramática-chave: o tailandês tem duas palavras de capacidade, colocadas DEPOIS do verbo. "verbo + เป็น" = saber fazer uma competência aprendida, p. ex. "ว่ายน้ำเป็น" (saber nadar), "ขับรถเป็น" (saber conduzir), "พูดภาษาไทยเป็น" (saber falar tailandês). "verbo + ได้" = ser capaz numa situação ou ter permissão, p. ex. "วันนี้ไปได้" (hoje posso ir), "ใช้แอปนี้ได้" (podes usar esta aplicação). Negativos: "ไม่เป็น" (ainda não sei), "ไม่ได้" (não posso / não é permitido). Nota: o inglês tem uma palavra "can" para ambos, por isso os anglófonos tendem a usar "ได้" para uma competência: "ว่ายน้ำได้" △ → para uma competência aprendida, usa "ว่ายน้ำเป็น" ✓. Canto cultural (§6): a tecnologia na Tailândia. Canto do tom: "เป็น" (bpen) e "ได้" (dâai).
Dialogue
ไปทะเลเสาร์นี้ — Ir ao mar este sábado
- Somchai เจมส์ เสาร์นี้เราไปทะเลกันไหมครับ James, vamos ao mar este sábado?
- James ดีเลยครับ! แต่ผมว่ายน้ำได้นิดหน่อย Que bom! Mas sei nadar um pouco. (deslize: para uma competência aprendida usa เป็น, não ได้: ว่ายน้ำเป็น)
- Somchai อ๋อ ทักษะที่เรียนมาอย่างว่ายน้ำ ใช้ "เป็น" ครับ "ได้" ใช้กับสถานการณ์ พูดว่า "ว่ายน้ำเป็นนิดหน่อย" Ah, para uma competência aprendida como nadar, usa "เป็น". "ได้" é para uma situação. Diz "ว่ายน้ำเป็นนิดหน่อย".
- James อ๋อ เข้าใจแล้วครับ "ผมว่ายน้ำเป็นนิดหน่อย" แล้วคุณล่ะครับ Ah, já percebi. "ผมว่ายน้ำเป็นนิดหน่อย" (sei nadar um pouco). E tu?
- Somchai ผมว่ายน้ำเป็นดีครับ และผมขับรถเป็นด้วย เสาร์นี้ผมขับรถไปทะเลได้ Sei nadar bem. E também sei conduzir. Este sábado posso conduzir até ao mar.
- James เยี่ยมครับ! งั้นผมดาวน์โหลดแอปแผนที่ได้ Ótimo! Então posso descarregar uma aplicação de mapas.
Dialogue
แอปที่สะดวก — Uma aplicação prática
- Malee เจมส์ คุณใช้แอปนี้เป็นไหมคะ James, sabes usar esta aplicação?
- James เป็นครับ ใช้ง่ายมาก ส่งข้อความฟรีได้ด้วย Sei, sim. É muito fácil de usar. Também podes enviar mensagens de graça.
- Malee สะดวกจังค่ะ! ฉันดาวน์โหลดตอนนี้ได้ไหมคะ Que prático! Posso descarregá-la agora?
- James ได้ครับ แต่คุณต้องมีบัญชีและรหัสผ่าน Podes. Mas precisas de uma conta e de uma palavra-passe.
- Malee ฉันสร้างบัญชีเป็นค่ะ ที่ไทย ทุกคนใช้โซเชียลมีเดียเยอะ Sei criar uma conta. Na Tailândia, toda a gente usa muito as redes sociais.
- James จริงครับ! เทคโนโลยีในไทยสะดวกมาก É verdade! A tecnologia na Tailândia é muito prática.
Vocabulary
| 汉字 | Pinyin | POS | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| สมาร์ตโฟน | sà-máat-fohn | n. | smartphone |
| คอมพิวเตอร์ | khawm-phiu-dtôe | n. | computador |
| แอป | áep | n. | aplicação, app |
| อินเทอร์เน็ต | in-thoe-nét | n. | internet |
| รหัสผ่าน | rá-hàt-phàan | n. | palavra-passe, senha |
| บัญชี | ban-chii | n. | conta |
| ข้อความ | khâw-khwaam | n. | mensagem |
| โซเชียลมีเดีย | soo-chîan-mii-dia | n. | redes sociais |
| ใช้ | chái | v. | usar |
| ดาวน์โหลด | daao-lòht | v. | descarregar |
| สะดวก | sà-dùak | adj. | prático, conveniente |
| ขับรถ | khàp-rót | v. | conduzir, dirigir |
Grammar
ความสามารถ: "เป็น" กับ "ได้" Capacidade: "เป็น" e "ได้"
ภาษาไทยมีสองคำบอก "ความสามารถ" และวางไว้ "หลัง" กริยา (ไม่ใช่หน้ากริยาแบบ "can" ในภาษาอังกฤษ). ① "กริยา + เป็น" = ทำ "ทักษะ" ที่เรียนมาเป็น: "ผมว่ายน้ำเป็น", "เธอขับรถเป็น", "ผมพูดภาษาไทยเป็น". สิ่งเหล่านี้เป็นเรื่องที่เรียนแล้วทำได้. ② "กริยา + ได้" = ทำได้ในสถานการณ์ หรือได้รับอนุญาต: "วันนี้ผมไปได้" (ว่าง/สะดวก), "คุณใช้แอปนี้ได้" (อนุญาต). ปฏิเสธ: "กริยา + ไม่เป็น" (ยังทำไม่เป็น), "กริยา + ไม่ได้" (ทำไม่ได้/ไม่อนุญาต). ข้อควรระวัง: ภาษาอังกฤษใช้ "can" คำเดียวทั้งทักษะและสถานการณ์ ผู้พูดภาษาอังกฤษจึงมักพูด "ว่ายน้ำได้" กับทักษะ. สำหรับทักษะที่เรียนมา คนไทยพูด "ว่ายน้ำเป็น" ✓ ("เป็น" เน้นว่า "ทำเป็น").
O tailandês tem duas palavras para a "capacidade", colocadas DEPOIS do verbo (não antes, como o "can" inglês). (1) "verbo + เป็น" = fazer uma "competência" aprendida: "ผมว่ายน้ำเป็น" (sei nadar), "เธอขับรถเป็น" (ela sabe conduzir), "ผมพูดภาษาไทยเป็น" (sei falar tailandês). São coisas que aprendeste e sabes fazer. (2) "verbo + ได้" = ser capaz numa situação, ou ter permissão: "วันนี้ผมไปได้" (hoje posso ir — estou livre), "คุณใช้แอปนี้ได้" (podes usar esta aplicação). Negativos: "verbo + ไม่เป็น" (ainda não sei), "verbo + ไม่ได้" (não posso / não é permitido). Nota: o inglês usa uma palavra "can" para competência e situação, por isso os anglófonos costumam dizer "ว่ายน้ำได้" para uma competência. Para uma competência aprendida, os tailandeses dizem "ว่ายน้ำเป็น" ✓ ("เป็น" enfatiza "saber fazer").
- ผมว่ายน้ำเป็น phǒm wâai-náam bpen Sei nadar.
- เธอขับรถเป็น thoe khàp-rót bpen Ela sabe conduzir.
- คุณใช้แอปนี้ได้ khun chái áep níi dâai Podes usar esta aplicação.
- วันนี้ผมไปได้ wan-níi phǒm bpai dâai Hoje posso ir.
- ผมพูดภาษาฝรั่งเศสไม่เป็น phǒm phûut phaa-sǎa fà-ràng-sèet mâi bpen Não sei falar francês.
Culture
เทคโนโลยีในไทย A tecnologia na Tailândia
A Tailândia está muito "online". A maioria dos tailandeses tem smartphone, a internet é barata e passam muitas horas por dia no telemóvel. Dos grandes centros comerciais de Banguecoque às lojas de rua, as pessoas usam o telemóvel para conversar, pagar e comprar. Saber algumas palavras de tecnologia torna a vida na Tailândia muito mais fácil.
Conversar com o LINE
The most popular chat app in Thailand is "LINE". Almost everyone uses LINE to talk with family, friends and work. Shops, schools and government offices also have a "LINE Official Account" to send news and answer questions. Thai people love sending cute "stickers" instead of words. When they meet someone new, many ask "Do you have LINE?" instead of asking for a phone number.
Pagar com QR
In Thailand you scan a "QR code" to transfer money via "PromptPay" very easily. Even a curry-rice stall or a fruit cart has a QR code to scan. There are also phone wallets like "TrueMoney". Cash is still used too, especially at small shops, so it is good to carry a little. QR transfers are fast and free, so Thai people love them.
A vida digital e o 7-Eleven
In Thailand there is a "7-Eleven" on almost every street corner, and it does many things, such as paying bills, topping up phone credit, or receiving parcels. Thai people call rides and order food with "Grab", shop online at "Shopee" and "Lazada", and many sell things through Facebook or LINE. Technology is woven naturally into daily life. Knowing words like "app", "account" and "password" helps you adapt faster.
A tecnologia tornou-se naturalmente parte do dia a dia na Tailândia. Quando conheces palavras como "aplicação", "internet" e "palavra-passe", a vida aqui torna-se muito mais prática. Experimenta descarregar uma aplicação em tailandês e usá-la.
tone
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