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Study in the app →Thai · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 42
คุณว่ายน้ำเป็นไหม Bạn biết bơi không?
Chúng ta nói về công nghệ và khả năng ("เป็น" và "ได้"). Từ vựng: sà-máat-fohn, khawm-phiu-dtôe, áep, in-thoe-nét, rá-hàt-phàan, ban-chii, khâw-khwaam, soo-chîan-mii-dia, chái, daao-lòht, sà-dùak, khàp-rót. Ngữ pháp chính: tiếng Thái có hai từ chỉ khả năng, đặt SAU động từ. "động từ + เป็น" = biết làm một kỹ năng đã học, ví dụ "ว่ายน้ำเป็น" (biết bơi), "ขับรถเป็น" (biết lái xe), "พูดภาษาไทยเป็น" (biết nói tiếng Thái). "động từ + ได้" = làm được trong hoàn cảnh hoặc được phép, ví dụ "วันนี้ไปได้" (hôm nay đi được), "ใช้แอปนี้ได้" (dùng ứng dụng này được). Phủ định: "ไม่เป็น" (chưa biết làm), "ไม่ได้" (không được / không thể). Lưu ý: tiếng Anh chỉ có một "can" cho cả hai, nên người nói tiếng Anh hay dùng "ได้" cho một kỹ năng: "ว่ายน้ำได้" △ → với kỹ năng đã học, dùng "ว่ายน้ำเป็น" ✓. Góc văn hóa (§6): công nghệ ở Thái Lan. Góc thanh điệu: "เป็น" (bpen) và "ได้" (dâai).
Hội thoại
ไปทะเลเสาร์นี้ — Đi biển thứ Bảy này
- Somchai เจมส์ เสาร์นี้เราไปทะเลกันไหมครับ James, thứ Bảy này mình đi biển không?
- James ดีเลยครับ! แต่ผมว่ายน้ำได้นิดหน่อย Hay đấy! Nhưng tôi biết bơi một chút. (slip: kỹ năng đã học dùng เป็น, không phải ได้: ว่ายน้ำเป็น)
- Somchai อ๋อ ทักษะที่เรียนมาอย่างว่ายน้ำ ใช้ "เป็น" ครับ "ได้" ใช้กับสถานการณ์ พูดว่า "ว่ายน้ำเป็นนิดหน่อย" À, kỹ năng đã học như bơi thì dùng "เป็น". "ได้" dùng cho hoàn cảnh. Nói "ว่ายน้ำเป็นนิดหน่อย".
- James อ๋อ เข้าใจแล้วครับ "ผมว่ายน้ำเป็นนิดหน่อย" แล้วคุณล่ะครับ À, tôi hiểu rồi. "ผมว่ายน้ำเป็นนิดหน่อย" (tôi biết bơi một chút). Còn anh?
- Somchai ผมว่ายน้ำเป็นดีครับ และผมขับรถเป็นด้วย เสาร์นี้ผมขับรถไปทะเลได้ Tôi bơi giỏi. Và tôi cũng biết lái xe. Thứ Bảy này tôi lái xe ra biển được.
- James เยี่ยมครับ! งั้นผมดาวน์โหลดแอปแผนที่ได้ Tuyệt! Vậy tôi có thể tải một ứng dụng bản đồ.
Hội thoại
แอปที่สะดวก — Ứng dụng tiện lợi
- Malee เจมส์ คุณใช้แอปนี้เป็นไหมคะ James, anh biết dùng ứng dụng này không?
- James เป็นครับ ใช้ง่ายมาก ส่งข้อความฟรีได้ด้วย Biết chứ. Dùng rất dễ. Còn gửi tin nhắn miễn phí được nữa.
- Malee สะดวกจังค่ะ! ฉันดาวน์โหลดตอนนี้ได้ไหมคะ Tiện quá! Tôi tải bây giờ được không?
- James ได้ครับ แต่คุณต้องมีบัญชีและรหัสผ่าน Được. Nhưng bạn cần một tài khoản và mật khẩu.
- Malee ฉันสร้างบัญชีเป็นค่ะ ที่ไทย ทุกคนใช้โซเชียลมีเดียเยอะ Tôi biết tạo tài khoản. Ở Thái Lan, mọi người dùng mạng xã hội nhiều.
- James จริงครับ! เทคโนโลยีในไทยสะดวกมาก Đúng vậy! Công nghệ ở Thái Lan rất tiện lợi.
Từ vựng
| 汉字 | Pinyin | Từ loại | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|---|
| สมาร์ตโฟน | sà-máat-fohn | n. | điện thoại thông minh |
| คอมพิวเตอร์ | khawm-phiu-dtôe | n. | máy tính |
| แอป | áep | n. | ứng dụng |
| อินเทอร์เน็ต | in-thoe-nét | n. | internet |
| รหัสผ่าน | rá-hàt-phàan | n. | mật khẩu |
| บัญชี | ban-chii | n. | tài khoản |
| ข้อความ | khâw-khwaam | n. | tin nhắn |
| โซเชียลมีเดีย | soo-chîan-mii-dia | n. | mạng xã hội |
| ใช้ | chái | v. | dùng |
| ดาวน์โหลด | daao-lòht | v. | tải xuống |
| สะดวก | sà-dùak | adj. | tiện lợi |
| ขับรถ | khàp-rót | v. | lái xe |
Ngữ pháp
ความสามารถ: "เป็น" กับ "ได้" Khả năng: "เป็น" và "ได้"
ภาษาไทยมีสองคำบอก "ความสามารถ" และวางไว้ "หลัง" กริยา (ไม่ใช่หน้ากริยาแบบ "can" ในภาษาอังกฤษ). ① "กริยา + เป็น" = ทำ "ทักษะ" ที่เรียนมาเป็น: "ผมว่ายน้ำเป็น", "เธอขับรถเป็น", "ผมพูดภาษาไทยเป็น". สิ่งเหล่านี้เป็นเรื่องที่เรียนแล้วทำได้. ② "กริยา + ได้" = ทำได้ในสถานการณ์ หรือได้รับอนุญาต: "วันนี้ผมไปได้" (ว่าง/สะดวก), "คุณใช้แอปนี้ได้" (อนุญาต). ปฏิเสธ: "กริยา + ไม่เป็น" (ยังทำไม่เป็น), "กริยา + ไม่ได้" (ทำไม่ได้/ไม่อนุญาต). ข้อควรระวัง: ภาษาอังกฤษใช้ "can" คำเดียวทั้งทักษะและสถานการณ์ ผู้พูดภาษาอังกฤษจึงมักพูด "ว่ายน้ำได้" กับทักษะ. สำหรับทักษะที่เรียนมา คนไทยพูด "ว่ายน้ำเป็น" ✓ ("เป็น" เน้นว่า "ทำเป็น").
Tiếng Thái có hai từ chỉ "khả năng", đặt SAU động từ (không phải trước như "can" tiếng Anh). (1) "động từ + เป็น" = làm một "kỹ năng" đã học: "ผมว่ายน้ำเป็น" (tôi biết bơi), "เธอขับรถเป็น" (cô ấy biết lái xe), "ผมพูดภาษาไทยเป็น" (tôi biết nói tiếng Thái). Đây là những việc đã học và làm được. (2) "động từ + ได้" = làm được trong hoàn cảnh, hoặc được phép: "วันนี้ผมไปได้" (hôm nay tôi đi được — rảnh), "คุณใช้แอปนี้ได้" (bạn dùng ứng dụng này được). Phủ định: "động từ + ไม่เป็น" (chưa làm được), "động từ + ไม่ได้" (không được / không thể). Lưu ý: tiếng Anh dùng một "can" cho cả kỹ năng lẫn hoàn cảnh, nên người nói tiếng Anh hay nói "ว่ายน้ำได้" cho một kỹ năng. Với kỹ năng đã học, người Thái nói "ว่ายน้ำเป็น" ✓ ("เป็น" nhấn mạnh "biết làm").
- ผมว่ายน้ำเป็น phǒm wâai-náam bpen Tôi biết bơi.
- เธอขับรถเป็น thoe khàp-rót bpen Cô ấy biết lái xe.
- คุณใช้แอปนี้ได้ khun chái áep níi dâai Bạn có thể dùng ứng dụng này.
- วันนี้ผมไปได้ wan-níi phǒm bpai dâai Hôm nay tôi đi được.
- ผมพูดภาษาฝรั่งเศสไม่เป็น phǒm phûut phaa-sǎa fà-ràng-sèet mâi bpen Tôi không biết nói tiếng Pháp.
Văn hóa
เทคโนโลยีในไทย Công nghệ ở Thái Lan
Thái Lan rất "online". Phần lớn người Thái có điện thoại thông minh, internet rẻ, và dùng điện thoại nhiều giờ mỗi ngày. Từ trung tâm thương mại lớn ở Bangkok đến quán ven đường, người ta dùng điện thoại để trò chuyện, trả tiền và mua sắm. Biết vài từ công nghệ sẽ giúp cuộc sống ở Thái Lan dễ hơn nhiều.
Nhắn tin bằng LINE
The most popular chat app in Thailand is "LINE". Almost everyone uses LINE to talk with family, friends and work. Shops, schools and government offices also have a "LINE Official Account" to send news and answer questions. Thai people love sending cute "stickers" instead of words. When they meet someone new, many ask "Do you have LINE?" instead of asking for a phone number.
Trả tiền bằng QR
In Thailand you scan a "QR code" to transfer money via "PromptPay" very easily. Even a curry-rice stall or a fruit cart has a QR code to scan. There are also phone wallets like "TrueMoney". Cash is still used too, especially at small shops, so it is good to carry a little. QR transfers are fast and free, so Thai people love them.
Cuộc sống số và 7-Eleven
In Thailand there is a "7-Eleven" on almost every street corner, and it does many things, such as paying bills, topping up phone credit, or receiving parcels. Thai people call rides and order food with "Grab", shop online at "Shopee" and "Lazada", and many sell things through Facebook or LINE. Technology is woven naturally into daily life. Knowing words like "app", "account" and "password" helps you adapt faster.
Công nghệ đã trở thành một phần tự nhiên của cuộc sống thường ngày ở Thái Lan. Khi bạn biết các từ như "app", "internet", "mật khẩu", cuộc sống ở đây sẽ tiện lợi hơn nhiều. Hãy thử tải một ứng dụng tiếng Thái và dùng thử nhé.
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