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Study in the app →Indonesian · BIPA 1 (A1) · Chapter 32
Rumah dan ruangan 家和房间
家居词汇:kamar tidur、dapur、kamar mandi、ruang tamu、tempat tidur、lemari、di atas、di bawah、di dalam、di antara。核心语法:用介词「di atas」(上)、「di bawah」(下)、「di dalam」(里)说东西在「哪里」:「Buku ada di atas meja」(书在桌上)、「Kucing ada di bawah tempat tidur」(猫在床下)、「Baju ada di dalam lemari」(衣服在柜里)。说房间里有什么,用「ada + 物 + di + 处所」:「Ada sofa di ruang tamu」(客厅里有沙发;「ada」见第6课复习)。印尼语没有像「there」这样的开头词——直接以「ada」开始。说英语的人把「there」译成「di sana」(那边):「Di sana ada tempat tidur…」✗ →「Ada tempat tidur…」✓。
Dialogue
Di sana ada / Ada — Di sana ada 还是 Ada
- Budi Mike, ada apa saja di kamar tidurmu? 迈克,你卧室里有什么?
- Mike Di sana ada tempat tidur dan lemari. 那里有床和衣柜。(口误:不用「di sana」→ 直接以「ada」开头)
- Budi "there is" bukan tempat, Mike. Cukup "Ada tempat tidur dan lemari". 「there is」不是地点,迈克。只说「Ada tempat tidur dan lemari」。
- Mike Oh, ada tempat tidur dan ada baju di dalam lemari. 哦,有床,柜里有衣服。
- Budi Tepat! "ada + benda + di + tempat". Tanpa "di sana". 正是!「ada + 物 + di + 处所」。不用「di sana」。
- Mike Mengerti. Ada meja di antara tempat tidur dan lemari. 明白了。床和衣柜之间有张桌子。
Dialogue
Rumah Sari — 莎莉的家
- Mike Sari, rumahmu ada berapa kamar? 莎莉,你家有几个房间?
- Sari Ada tiga: kamar tidur, dapur, dan ruang tamu. 有三个:卧室、厨房和客厅。
- Mike Ada apa di ruang tamu? 客厅里有什么?
- Sari Ada sofa dan TV. TV-nya ada di atas meja kecil. 有沙发和电视。电视在小桌上。
- Mike Rumahmu nyaman sekali. 你家很舒适。
- Sari Terima kasih. Kapan-kapan main ke rumahku, ya. 谢谢。改天来我家玩吧。
Vocabulary
- kamar tidur
-
noun 卧室
- dapur
-
noun 厨房
- kamar mandi
-
noun 浴室
- ruang tamu
-
noun 客厅
- tempat tidur
-
noun 床
- lemari
-
noun 柜子、衣柜
- di atas
-
preposition 在…上
- di bawah
-
preposition 在…下
- di dalam
-
preposition 在…里
- di antara
-
preposition 在…之间
Grammar
di atas / di bawah / di dalam — 东西在哪里
Explanation
第24课我们用「ada di」加「sebelah」(旁边)、「depan」(前面)等词说位置。现在加三个用于家中物品的介词:「di atas」(上)、「di bawah」(下)、「di dalam」(里)。结构是 物 +「ada di」+ 介词 + 处所:「Buku ada di atas meja」(书在桌上)、「Kucing ada di bawah tempat tidur」(猫在床下)、「Baju ada di dalam lemari」(衣服在柜里)。表示存在(「某处有某物」),以「ada」开头:「Ada sofa di ruang tamu」(客厅里有沙发)、「Ada dua kamar di rumah ini」(这房子里有两个房间)。英语用「there is/are」开头,印尼语则不用——只要「ada」就够了。说英语的人常把「there」译成「di sana」(那边):「Di sana ada tempat tidur di kamar saya」✗ →「Ada tempat tidur di kamar saya」✓。别加「di sana」;直接以「ada」开始。
Examples
- Buku ada di atas meja. 书在桌子上。
- Kucing ada di bawah tempat tidur. 猫在床下。
- Baju ada di dalam lemari. 衣服在柜子里。
- Ada sofa di ruang tamu. 客厅里有沙发。
Culture
Rumah orang Indonesia 印尼人的家
印尼幅员辽阔,各岛的房子各不相同——从河边的高脚屋到雅加达的公寓。但有几样东西让家处处透着「印尼味」:门口脱拖鞋、招待客人的前廊,以及几乎总向邻里敞开的门。我们来看看。
从高脚屋到公寓
Every region has its own traditional house. In Sumatra there is the Minangkabau "rumah gadang" with a roof curved like buffalo horns; in Sulawesi there is the Toraja "tongkonan"; in many places near water, houses are built on posts (rumah panggung) to stay safe from floods while air flows underneath. In big cities like Jakarta or Surabaya, most people live in simple concrete houses, rows of small terraced houses, or apartments. Yet the idea is often the same: a front space for gathering, and a kitchen that is the heart of the home.
前廊与敞开的门
Many Indonesian houses have a porch at the front — a small veranda with chairs where the family sits in the late afternoon and greets people passing by. Guests are often received on the porch or in the living room, rather than going straight inside. The bond with neighbours matters a great deal: there is the culture of "gotong royong" (helping one another) and the "RT/RW" system (neighbourhood groups) that look after the area together. An open door and the greeting "mari, mampir" (come, drop in) is not just small talk — warmth towards neighbours and guests is an important part of the home.
脱鞋与围坐
As in many Asian countries, Indonesians take off their footwear before entering a house, and you will see sandals lined up at the door. In many homes, people sit and eat on the floor on a mat — this is called "lesehan" — and it feels warm and relaxed. Food is usually placed in the middle and shared. If you are invited to an Indonesian home, just take off your sandals, accept the drink you are offered, and smile — you have already begun well.
总之:印尼人的家可能是传统民居、混凝土房或公寓,但核心不变——用于招呼的前廊、门口的拖鞋、供围坐的地板,以及向邻里敞开的门。造访时留意这些小细节,你就会感到,家不只是一栋建筑。
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