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Study in the app →Indonesian · BIPA 1 (A1) · Chapter 28
Cuaca dan musim Weather and seasons
Weather vocabulary: cuaca, panas, dingin, hujan, matahari, angin, musim, musim hujan, musim kemarau, cerah. Key grammar: weather is stated with no dummy subject — "Hari ini panas" (it is hot today), "Cuacanya panas" (the weather is hot), "Hari ini hujan" (it is raining today). The adjective comes directly, with no "adalah". English speakers, used to "it's hot", often insert "itu" — "Itu panas" ✗ → "Panas" / "Cuacanya panas" ✓. Pronunciation corner: "c" = "ch" in "cuaca", and "j" in "hujan".
Dialogue
Itu panas? Cuacanya panas? — Itu panas? or Cuacanya panas?
- Budi Mike, hari ini cuacanya bagaimana? Mike, how is the weather today?
- Mike Itu panas. Itu juga cerah. It is hot. It is also sunny. (slip: weather takes no dummy subject "itu" → "Panas. Cerah." / "Cuacanya panas dan cerah.")
- Budi Untuk cuaca tidak pakai "itu". Cukup "Cuacanya panas dan cerah." For weather, don't use "itu". Just "Cuacanya panas dan cerah."
- Mike Oh, hari ini cuacanya panas dan cerah. Oh, today the weather is hot and clear.
Dialogue
Musim di Indonesia — Seasons in Indonesia
- Mike Sari, di sini ada musim apa saja? Sari, what seasons are there here?
- Sari Ada dua: musim hujan dan musim kemarau. There are two: the rainy season and the dry season.
- Mike Sekarang musim apa? What season is it now?
- Sari Musim hujan, jadi sering hujan. Saya lebih suka musim kemarau. The rainy season, so it rains often. I prefer the dry season.
Vocabulary
| 汉字 | Pinyin | POS | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| cuaca | n. | weather | |
| panas | adj. | hot | |
| dingin | adj. | cold | |
| hujan | n. | rain; to rain | |
| matahari | n. | sun | |
| angin | n. | wind | |
| musim | n. | season | |
| musim hujan | n. | rainy season | |
| musim kemarau | n. | dry season | |
| cerah | adj. | clear, sunny, bright |
Grammar
Cuaca: "Hari ini panas" (tanpa subjek boneka) Weather: "Hari ini panas" (no dummy subject)
Untuk berbicara tentang cuaca, bahasa Indonesia TIDAK memakai subjek boneka seperti "it". Cukup: waktu/tempat + kata sifat, atau "Cuacanya" + kata sifat. "Hari ini panas" (it is hot today), "Di sini dingin" (it is cold here), "Cuacanya cerah" (the weather is clear). Untuk hujan, "hujan" sendiri sudah cukup: "Hari ini hujan" (it is raining today). TIDAK ada "adalah" sebelum kata sifat (ingat bab 20). Penutur Inggris terbiasa "it's hot / it's raining", lalu menerjemahkan "it" menjadi "itu" — "Itu panas" ✗ — di sini "itu" berarti "benda itu", bukan cuaca. Yang benar: "Panas" atau "Cuacanya panas" ✓. Tanya: "Cuacanya bagaimana?" atau "Hari ini panas tidak?"
To talk about the weather, Indonesian does NOT use a dummy subject like "it". Just use time/place + adjective, or "Cuacanya" + adjective. "Hari ini panas" (it is hot today), "Di sini dingin" (it is cold here), "Cuacanya cerah" (the weather is clear). For rain, "hujan" on its own is enough: "Hari ini hujan" (it is raining today). There is NO "adalah" before the adjective (remember ch20). English speakers, used to "it's hot / it's raining", then translate "it" as "itu" — "Itu panas" ✗ — here "itu" means "that thing", not the weather. The correct form is "Panas" or "Cuacanya panas" ✓. Ask: "Cuacanya bagaimana?" (how is the weather?) or "Hari ini panas tidak?" (is it hot today?).
- Hari ini panas. It is hot today.
- Hari ini hujan. It is raining today.
- Musim kemarau cuacanya panas dan cerah. In the dry season the weather is hot and clear.
- Cuaca hari ini bagaimana? — Dingin dan hujan. How is the weather today? — Cold and rainy.
pronunciation
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