Indonesian · BIPA 1 (A1) · Chapter 28
Cuaca dan musimWeather and seasons
Weather vocabulary: cuaca, panas, dingin, hujan, matahari, angin, musim, musim hujan, musim kemarau, cerah. Key grammar: weather is stated with no dummy subject — "Hari ini panas" (it is hot today), "Cuacanya panas" (the weather is hot), "Hari ini hujan" (it is raining today). The adjective comes directly, with no "adalah". English speakers, used to "it's hot", often insert "itu" — "Itu panas" ✗ → "Panas" / "Cuacanya panas" ✓.
Dialogue
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Itu panas? Cuacanya panas?— Itu panas? or Cuacanya panas?
- BudiMike, hari ini cuacanya bagaimana?Mike, how is the weather today?
- MikeItu panas. Itu juga cerah.It is hot. It is also sunny. (slip: weather takes no dummy subject "itu" → "Panas. Cerah." / "Cuacanya panas dan cerah.")
- BudiUntuk cuaca tidak pakai "itu". Cukup "Cuacanya panas dan cerah."For weather, don't use "itu". Just "Cuacanya panas dan cerah."
- MikeOh, hari ini cuacanya panas dan cerah.Oh, today the weather is hot and clear.
Dialogue
i
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Musim di Indonesia— Seasons in Indonesia
- MikeSari, di sini ada musim apa saja?Sari, what seasons are there here?
- SariAda dua: musim hujan dan musim kemarau.There are two: the rainy season and the dry season.
- MikeSekarang musim apa?What season is it now?
- SariMusim hujan, jadi sering hujan. Saya lebih suka musim kemarau.The rainy season, so it rains often. I prefer the dry season.
Vocabulary
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- cuaca
nounweather
- panas
adjectivehot
- dingin
adjectivecold
- hujan
nounrain; to rain
- matahari
nounsun
- angin
nounwind
- musim
nounseason
- musim hujan
nounrainy season
- musim kemarau
noundry season
- cerah
adjectiveclear, sunny, bright
Grammar
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Weather: "Hari ini panas" (no dummy subject)
Explanation
To talk about the weather, Indonesian does NOT use a dummy subject like "it". Just use time/place + adjective, or "Cuacanya" + adjective. "Hari ini panas" (it is hot today), "Di sini dingin" (it is cold here), "Cuacanya cerah" (the weather is clear). For rain, "hujan" on its own is enough: "Hari ini hujan" (it is raining today). There is NO "adalah" before the adjective (remember ch20). English speakers, used to "it's hot / it's raining", then translate "it" as "itu" — "Itu panas" ✗ — here "itu" means "that thing", not the weather. The correct form is "Panas" or "Cuacanya panas" ✓. Ask: "Cuacanya bagaimana?" (how is the weather?) or "Hari ini panas tidak?" (is it hot today?).
Examples
- Hari ini panas.It is hot today.
- Hari ini hujan.It is raining today.
- Musim kemarau cuacanya panas dan cerah.In the dry season the weather is hot and clear.
- Cuaca hari ini bagaimana? — Dingin dan hujan.How is the weather today? — Cold and rainy.
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