Indonesian · BIPA 1 (A1) · Chapter 31
Rutinitas harianDaily routine
Routine vocabulary: bangun, mandi, gosok gigi, tidur, selalu, sering, kadang-kadang, jarang, tidak pernah, setiap hari. Key grammar: frequency adverbs (selalu = always, sering = often, kadang-kadang = sometimes, jarang = rarely, tidak pernah = never) go BEFORE the verb: "Saya selalu bangun pagi" (I always wake up early), "Dia sering terlambat" (he is often late). Note: "kadang-kadang" (sometimes) MUST be fully doubled — this is reduplication, like ch7. English speakers use the single word "sometimes", so they often shorten it to "kadang" ✗ → "kadang-kadang" ✓. Sound corner: the reduplication "kadang-kadang", the "e" in "sering", the "j" in "jarang".
Dialogue
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kadang / kadang-kadang— kadang or kadang-kadang
- BudiMike, pagi hari kamu biasanya melakukan apa?Mike, what do you usually do in the morning?
- MikeSaya kadang bangun siang.I sometimes wake up late. (slip: "sometimes" is doubled → kadang-kadang)
- BudiKata ulang, Mike: "kadang-kadang", diucapkan penuh dua kali.A doubled word, Mike: "kadang-kadang", said fully twice.
- MikeOh, saya kadang-kadang bangun siang. Tapi saya sering bangun pagi.Oh, I sometimes wake up late. But I often wake up early.
- BudiBagus! Dan ingat: kata keterangan ini di depan kata kerja.Great! And remember: these adverbs go before the verb.
- MikeMengerti. Saya tidak pernah bangun siang di hari kerja.Understood. I never wake up late on a work day.
Dialogue
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Malam hari melakukan apa— What you do in the evening
- SariMike, malam hari kamu biasanya melakukan apa?Mike, what do you usually do in the evening?
- MikeSaya sering membaca dan kadang-kadang menonton film.I often read and sometimes watch a film.
- SariKamu berolahraga?Do you exercise?
- MikeJarang, tapi saya selalu tidur lebih awal.Rarely, but I always go to bed earlier.
- SariBagus. Aku kadang-kadang bangun kesiangan.Nice. I sometimes wake up too late.
Vocabulary
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- bangun
verbto wake up, get up
- mandi
verbto bathe, shower
- gosok gigi
verbto brush teeth
- tidur
verbto sleep
- selalu
adverbalways
- sering
adverboften
- kadang-kadang
adverbsometimes
- jarang
adverbrarely, seldom
- tidak pernah
adverbnever
- setiap hari
nounevery day
Grammar
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Frequency adverbs go before the verb
Explanation
To say how often you do something, put the frequency adverb BEFORE the verb: "Saya selalu bangun pagi" (I always wake up early), "Dia sering terlambat" (he is often late), "Kami jarang makan di luar" (we rarely eat out). Scale from most to least often: selalu (100%) > sering > kadang-kadang > jarang > tidak pernah (0%). The time phrase "setiap hari" (every day) may go at the start or the end: "Setiap hari saya olahraga" or "Saya olahraga setiap hari". IMPORTANT: "kadang-kadang" is a doubled word — it must be said fully twice, like the reduplication of ch7. English speakers use the single word "sometimes", so they tend to say just "kadang" ✗ → the correct form is "kadang-kadang" ✓. Say it in full: "kadang-kadang".
Examples
- Saya selalu bangun pagi.I always wake up early.
- Dia sering makan di luar.He often eats out.
- Kami kadang-kadang naik sepeda.We sometimes ride a bicycle.
- Saya tidak pernah minum kopi malam hari.I never drink coffee at night.
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