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Japanese · JLPT Band 1 (N5) · Chapter 39

たのしかったですIt was fun

Tanoshikatta desu

Talking about feelings and states. Vocabulary: ureshii, kanashii, sabishii, kowai, tanoshii, kibun, shinpai, bikkuri suru, warau, naku. Key grammar: the past tense of i-adjectives. Drop "…i" and make it "…katta" + "desu": "tanoshii → tanoshikatta desu" (it was fun), "samui → samukatta desu" (it was cold). The negative past is "…ku nakatta desu": "tanoshiku nakatta desu" (it was not fun). "Ii" (good) is special: "yokatta". The past of nouns and na-adjectives is "deshita" ("shinpai deshita", "genki deshita"), which is different from i-adjectives. English speakers tend to add "deshita" even to i-adjectives: "tanoshii deshita" ✗ → "tanoshikatta desu" ✓. Kana corner: the small "tsu" sound in "…katta".

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Dialogue

i

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たのしいでした / たのしかったです— tanoshii deshita / tanoshikatta desu

  1. YukiマMaイiクkuさsaんn、しゅうshūまmaつtsuのnoおoまmaつtsuりriはwaどうdōでdeしshiたtaかka？Mike, how was the weekend festival?
  2. MikeとToてteもmoたtaのnoしshiいiでdeしshiたta！It was so much fun! (slip: past of an i-adjective is "…katta desu" → tanoshikatta desu)
  3. YukiいI-けkeいiようyōしshiのnoかkaこkoはwa「〜かkaっtたtaでdeすsu」でdeすsuよyo。「たTaのnoしshiいi→たtaのnoしshiかkaっtたtaでdeすsu」。「でDeしshiたta」はwaめmeいiしshiだdaけkeでdeすsu。The past of an i-adjective is "…katta desu": "tanoshii → tanoshikatta desu". "Deshita" is only for nouns.
  4. MikeなNaるruほhoどdo。おOまmaつtsuりriはwaたtaのnoしshiかkaっtたtaでdeすsu。ひHiとtoがgaおおōくkuてteびbiっkくkuりriしshiまmaしshiたta。I see. The festival was fun. There were so many people that I was surprised.
  5. YukiてTeんnきkiはwaよyoかkaっtたtaでdeすsuかka？Was the weather good?
  6. MikeはHaいi、よyoかkaっtたtaでdeすsu。すSuこkoしshiあaつtsuかkaっtたtaでdeすsuがga、たtaのnoしshiくkuなnaかkaっtたtaとtoこkoろroはwaあaりriまmaせseんn！Yes, it was good. It was a little hot, but there was nothing that wasn't fun!

Dialogue

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えいがは どうでしたか— How was the film?

  1. KenユYuキkiさsaんn、きkiのうnōのnoえeいiがgaはwaどうdōでdeしshiたtaかka？Yuki, how was yesterday's film?
  2. YukiとToてteもmoかkaなnaしshiかkaっtたtaでdeすsu。さSaいiごgoにniなnaきkiまmaしshiたta。It was very sad. I cried at the end.
  3. KenそうSōでdeすsuかka。こKoわwaくkuなnaかkaっtたtaでdeすsuかka？Really? It wasn't scary?
  4. YukiぜZeんnぜzeんnこkoわwaくkuなnaかkaっtたtaでdeすsu。でDeもmoおoもmoしshiろroかkaっtたtaでdeすsu。ケKeンnさsaんnもmoみmiてteくkuだdaさsaいi。It wasn't scary at all. But it was interesting. You should watch it too, Ken.
  5. KenわWaかkaりriまmaしshiたta。こKoんnどdoみmiまmaすsu。ユYuキkiさsaんnのnoきkiぶbuんnはwaいiまmaいiいiでdeすsuかka？Okay. I'll watch it next time. Are you in a good mood now, Yuki?
  6. YukiはHaいi、いiまmaはwaとtoてteもmoいiいiきkiぶbuんnでdeすsu。はHaなnaせseてteうuれreしshiかkaっtたtaでdeすsu！Yes, I'm in a very good mood now. I'm glad we could talk!

Vocabulary

i

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うuれreしshiいi

i-adj.happy, glad

かkaなnaしshiいi

i-adj.sad

さsaびbiしshiいi

i-adj.lonely

こkoわwaいi

i-adj.scary; afraid

たtaのnoしshiいi

i-adj.fun, enjoyable

きkiぶbuんn

nounmood, feeling

しshiんnぱpaいi

na-adj. / n.worry, anxiety

びbiっkくkuりriすsuるru

verbto be surprised

わwaらraうu

verbto laugh, smile

なnaくku

verbto cry

Grammar

i

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Past of i-adjectives: …katta desu

Explanation

To put an i-adjective into the past, drop "…i", make it "…katta", and add "desu": "tanoshii → tanoshikatta desu", "samui → samukatta desu", "ureshii → ureshikatta desu". Even in polite speech, "desu" stays as is; you do not say "…katta deshita". The negative past is "…ku nakatta desu": "tanoshiku nakatta desu", "kowaku nakatta desu". "Ii / yoi" (good) is special: its past is "yokatta" (not "yoi deshita"). Note: the past of nouns and na-adjectives is "deshita" ("shinpai deshita", "genki deshita", "ame deshita") — this is separate from i-adjectives. English speakers, thinking of "was", tend to add "deshita" to i-adjectives too: "tanoshii deshita" ✗ → "tanoshikatta desu" ✓.

Examples

  • りょこうは とても たのしかったです。The trip was a lot of fun.
  • えいがは こわくなかったです。でも かなしかったです。The film was not scary. But it was sad.
  • てんきが よかったです。だから きぶんが よかったです。The weather was good. So I was in a good mood.
  • テストが しんぱいでした。でも けっかは うれしかったです。I was worried about the test. But I was happy with the result.

Kana

i

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「〜かった」の ちいさい「っ」— The small "tsu" in "…katta"

Read the sentences in hiragana:

  • たのしかったですtanoshikatta desuit was fun — doubled "k"
  • てんきが よかったですtenki ga yokatta desuthe weather was good ("ii" → yokatta)
  • すこし さむかったですsukoshi samukatta desuit was a little cold
  • こわくなかったですkowaku nakatta desuit was not scary (negative past)

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