Russian · TORFL Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 21
ПокупкиShopping
Shopping vocabulary: хотеть (to want), купить (to buy), магазин (shop), рынок (market), супермаркет (supermarket), продавец (seller), покупатель (customer), вещь (thing), открыт (open), закрыт (closed). Key grammar: "хочу" + INFINITIVE — "Я хочу купить хлеб" (I want to buy bread). The second verb is NOT conjugated: "хочу купить" (not "хочу покупаю"), "хочу есть" (not "хочу ем"). Also "хочу" + a noun in the accusative (ch19): "Я хочу воду". English speakers conjugate the second verb — "Я хочу ем" ✗ → "Я хочу есть" ✓. Reading corner: unstressed "о" → "a".
Dialogue
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хочу ем? хочу есть?
- IvanМайк,тыголодный?Mike, are you hungry?
- MikeДа!Яхочуем.Yes! I want to eat. (slip: after хочу use the infinitive есть, not the conjugated ем → "Я хочу есть")
- Ivan«Хочу»+инфинитив:«хочуесть».Не«хочуем»."Хочу" + infinitive: "хочу есть". Not "хочу ем".
- MikeА,яхочуесть!Ияхочукупитьхлеб.Ah, I want to eat! And I want to buy bread.
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В магазине— At the shop
- MikeЗдравствуйте!Этомагазинилирынок?Hello! Is this a shop or a market?
- AnyaЭтомагазин.Чтовыхотитекупить?This is a shop. What do you want to buy?
- MikeЯхочукупитьхлебирыбу.I want to buy bread and fish.
- AnyaХлебздесь,рыбатам.Чтоещё?Bread is here, fish is there. Anything else?
- MikeЕщёводу,пожалуйста.Спасибо!Water too, please. Thank you!
Vocabulary
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- хотеть
verbto want (я хочу, ты хочешь)
- купить
verbto buy
- магазин
nounshop, store
- рынок
nounmarket
- супермаркет
nounsupermarket
- продавец
nounseller, shop assistant
- покупатель
nouncustomer, buyer
- вещь
nounthing, item
- открыт
adjectiveopen (short form)
- закрыт
adjectiveclosed (short form)
Grammar
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"хочу" + infinitive (Я хочу купить)
Explanation
The verb "хотеть" is irregular: я хочУ, ты хочЕШЬ, он/она хочЕТ. After it comes the INFINITIVE (the dictionary form in -ть): "Я хочу купить" (I want to buy), "Я хочу есть" (I want to eat), "Ты хочешь пить?" (do you want to drink?). The second verb is NOT conjugated. English speakers conjugate it out of habit ("I want I-eat"): "Я хочу ем" ✗ → "Я хочу есть" ✓. "Хочу" can also take a noun directly — then it is in the accusative (ch19): "Я хочу воду", "Я хочу рыбу". What to buy? — the direct object in the accusative: "Я хочу купить рыбу" (рыба → рыбу). A masculine inanimate object does not change: "купить хлеб", "купить магазин".
Examples
- Я хочу купить хлеб.I want to buy bread.
- Ты хочешь есть?Do you want to eat?
- Я хочу воду.I want water.
- Что ты хочешь купить?What do you want to buy?
Cyrillic
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Безударное «о» → «а»— Unstressed "о" → "a"
The most important reading rule: the letter "о" without stress sounds like "a". This is called "akanye". In "хочу" the stress is on "у", so "о" → "a": "kha-CHÚ". In "рынок" the stress is on "ы", the final "о" → "a": "RÝ-nak". In "продавец" two unstressed "о" → "a": "pra-da-VÉTS". A stressed "о" stays "о": "дОм" (dom). Read the shopping words aloud, turning unstressed "о" into "a".
Read the shopping words aloud:
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