Spanish · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 45
Ya hablo españolNow I speak Spanish
Review and close of level A1. Connector vocabulary: y, pero, o, porque, entonces, por eso, también, además, así que, pues. Key point: until now you have said short sentences; connectors join them into a little speech. "y" adds, "pero" contrasts, "o" gives an alternative, "porque" gives the cause (answers "why?"), and "por eso / así que / entonces" give the consequence (the result). "también" adds something equal. With them, everything you learned (present, past, future, gustar, poder…) combines into long, natural sentences. English speakers' mistake: they glue two sentences with a comma, as in English ("Estoy cansado, me voy" ✗), or translate "so" with "muy". In Spanish you need a connector: "Estoy cansado, así que me voy" ✓.
Dialogue
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Estoy cansado, me voy / Estoy cansado, así que me voy
- LucíaMike, ¡hablas mucho mejor! ¿Vienes a la fiesta esta noche?Mike, you speak much better! Are you coming to the party tonight?
- MikeQuiero ir, estoy cansado, me voy a dormir.I want to go, I’m tired, I’m going to sleep. (slip: the clauses need connectors — "pero" and "así que")
- LucíaEn español necesitas conectores: "Quiero ir, PERO estoy cansado, ASÍ QUE me voy a dormir".In Spanish you need connectors: "I want to go, BUT I’m tired, SO I’m going to sleep".
- MikeAh, claro. "Pero" para el contraste y "así que" para el resultado, ¿no?Ah, right. "Pero" for the contrast and "así que" for the result, no?
- LucíaExacto. Y si quieres dar la causa, usa "porque": "no voy porque estoy cansado".Exactly. And if you want to give the cause, use "porque": "I’m not going because I’m tired".
- MikeEntonces: no voy porque estoy cansado, pero mañana os invito a todos. ¿Qué tal?So: I’m not going because I’m tired, but tomorrow I invite you all. How’s that?
- Lucía¡Perfecto! Frases largas, con conectores. Ya hablas español de verdad.Perfect! Long sentences, with connectors. You really speak Spanish now.
Dialogue
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Un año de español— A year of Spanish
- CarlosLucía, ¿te acuerdas del primer día? No sabíamos decir nada.Lucía, do you remember the first day? We couldn’t say anything.
- LucíaSí, y ahora hablamos del pasado, del futuro y hasta contamos viajes. ¡Qué cambio!Yes, and now we talk about the past, the future and even tell about trips. What a change!
- CarlosMe gusta mucho el español, así que quiero seguir en el nivel A2.I really like Spanish, so I want to continue at level A2.
- LucíaYo también. Podemos estudiar juntos porque así es más fácil y más divertido.Me too. We can study together because that way it’s easier and more fun.
- CarlosBuena idea. Entonces, ¿celebramos hoy el fin del A1 con una tarta?Good idea. So, shall we celebrate the end of A1 today with a cake?
- Lucía¡Claro que sí! Lo hemos conseguido. ¡Felicidades a los dos!Of course! We did it. Congratulations to us both!
Vocabulary
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- y
conjunctionand
- pero
conjunctionbut
- o
conjunctionor
- porque
conjunctionbecause
- entonces
adverbthen, so
- por eso
expr.that’s why, therefore
- también
adverbalso, too
- además
adverbbesides, moreover
- así que
expr.so (as a result)
- pues
adverbwell, so
Grammar
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Joining sentences: y, pero, porque, así que
Explanation
Congratulations! You now know the present, the past, the future, "gustar", "poder" and lots of vocabulary. The last step of A1 is joining your short sentences into long, natural ones with CONNECTORS. The most useful: "y" (adds: "canto Y bailo", I sing and dance), "pero" (contrasts: "quiero ir, PERO no puedo", I want to go but I can't), "o" (alternative: "¿café O té?"), "también" and "además" (add more: "hablo español y TAMBIÉN un poco de francés"). For CAUSE, use "porque" (answers "why?"): "No fui PORQUE llovía" (I didn't go because it was raining). For CONSEQUENCE (the result), use "por eso", "así que" or "entonces": "Llovía, POR ESO no fui" / "Estoy cansado, ASÍ QUE me voy a dormir" (I'm tired, so I'm going to sleep). Notice: "porque" introduces the cause; "así que / por eso" introduce the effect — two sides of the same coin. English speakers' mistake: in English you can glue two sentences with just a comma ("I'm tired, I'm leaving"), but in Spanish that sounds incomplete: you need a connector → "Estoy cansado, así que me voy" ✓. Don't translate "so" with "muy"; the "so" of consequence is "así que / por eso".
Examples
- Quiero ir a la fiesta, pero estoy cansado.I want to go to the party, but I’m tired.
- No fui a la playa porque llovía.I didn’t go to the beach because it was raining.
- Mañana tengo un examen, así que hoy estudio.Tomorrow I have an exam, so today I study.
- Hablo inglés y también estudio español porque me gusta.I speak English and I also study Spanish because I like it.
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