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Study in the app →Indonesian · BIPA 1 (A1) · Chapter 23
Pakaian dan warna 衣服与颜色
衣服和颜色词汇：pakaian、celana、rok、jaket、ukuran、warna、merah、biru、hitam、putih。核心语法：颜色（及形容词）放在名词「之后」——「jaket biru」（蓝外套，不是「biru jaket」）、「celana hitam」（黑裤子）、「rok putih」（白裙子），和第20课一样。说英语的人习惯「blue jacket」，把颜色放前——「biru jaket」✗ →「jaket biru」✓。文化角 §2：市场、商场与讨价还价。
Dialogue
biru jaket? jaket biru? — biru jaket？jaket biru？
- Budi Mike, kamu suka warna apa? 迈克，你喜欢什么颜色？
- Mike Saya suka biru. Saya mau beli biru jaket. 我喜欢蓝色。我想买蓝外套。（口误：颜色在名词后 →「jaket biru」）
- Budi Kata benda dulu, warna setelahnya: "jaket biru". 名词在前，颜色在后：「jaket biru」。
- Mike Oh, saya mau beli jaket biru. 哦，我想买蓝外套。
Dialogue
Membeli jaket — 买外套
- Mike Selamat siang. Saya mau beli jaket. 午安。我想买一件外套。
- Sari Suka warna apa? 你喜欢什么颜色？
- Mike Saya suka biru. Ada jaket biru? 我喜欢蓝色。有蓝外套吗？
- Sari Ada. Ini jaket biru. 有。这是蓝外套。
- Mike Saya suka. Berapa harganya? 我喜欢。多少钱？
- Sari Dua ratus ribu rupiah. 二十万盾。
Vocabulary
- pakaian
-
noun 衣服
- celana
-
noun 裤子
- rok
-
noun 裙子
- jaket
-
noun 外套
- ukuran
-
noun 尺寸
- warna
-
noun 颜色
- merah
-
adjective 红
- biru
-
adjective 蓝
- hitam
-
adjective 黑
- putih
-
adjective 白
Grammar
颜色在名词后：「jaket biru」
Explanation
和印尼语所有形容词一样（记得第20课：「makanan enak」= 好吃的食物），颜色放在名词「之后」：「jaket biru」（jaket 在前，biru 在后）、「celana hitam」（黑裤子）、「rok putih」（白裙子）、「pakaian merah」（红衣服）。说英语的人习惯「blue jacket」（颜色在前）说「biru jaket」——错。正确：「jaket biru」。用第22课的「-nya」问颜色：「Jaket ini warnanya apa?」（这外套什么颜色？）→ 答「warnanya biru」或简「jaket biru」。可以串：「dua jaket biru」= 数字 + 名词 + 颜色（无「-s」）。
Examples
- jaket biru 蓝外套
- celana hitam 黑裤子
- Jaket ini warnanya apa? 这件外套什么颜色？
- Saya mau beli rok putih. 我想买白裙子。
Culture
Pasar, minimarket, dan menawar 市场、便利店与讨价还价
在印尼有两种很不同的购物地方：传统市场，价格「软」，可以讨价还价；便利店和商场，价格在标签上固定。知道自己在哪里，就知道该讲价还是直接付款。
传统市场
The market is the heart of the neighbourhood: stalls packed together selling vegetables, meat, fish, fruit, clothes and household goods. The sellers are often women who know their regular customers by face. Here many goods have no price tag — you have to ask "Ini berapa?" (how much is this?) or "Berapa harganya?". The first price a seller names is usually a little above the real price, especially for a newcomer. That is not cheating — it opens a friendly conversation.
讨价还价
Haggling is a normal and enjoyable part of the market. The gentle way: ask the price, then smile and say "Mahal!" (expensive!) or "Boleh kurang?" (can it be cheaper?). The seller offers a lower price, you counter, and you meet in the middle. Don't bargain too low or too harshly — the goal is a price that makes both sides happy. A smile and politeness help a lot. If you have asked and haggled, you should buy. And remember: for vegetables or things worth a few thousand rupiah, Indonesians often don't bargain.
便利店与商场
At minimarkets like Indomaret or Alfamart, and at malls, it is the opposite: everything has a price tag and the price is fixed — no haggling. You just take the goods, go to the cashier, and pay in cash or tap a card. Young city people increasingly like malls because they are cool, clean and clearly priced. Many families use both: the market for fresh vegetables and fish in the morning, the minimarket or mall for dry goods and clothes. Knowing where to haggle and where to just pay is a small but useful skill.
总之：在市场，问「Berapa harganya?」，微笑着轻轻砍价；在便利店或商场，拿货付款就好。两者都是印尼生活的一部分——市场上带着微笑一点愉快的砍价，可能是与卖家一段小友谊的开始。
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