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Cantonese Chinese · Cantonese Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 31

你食咗飯未呀？Have you eaten yet?

nei5 sik6 zo2 faan6 mei6 aa3

Things done: verb + 咗; not yet (未, 未呀); already, just now (已經, 啱啱); ordering at a restaurant: pork buns, sweet, spicy.

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Dialogue

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你食咗飯未呀？— Have you eaten yet?

  1. WongTaaiMike，食sik6咗zo2飯faan6未mei6呀aa3？Mike, have you eaten yet?
  2. Mike冇mou5。No. (he answers with 冇)
  3. WongTaai未mei6呀aa3？未mei6食sik6？Not yet? You haven't eaten yet?
  4. Mike哦o4……未mei6呀aa3，我ngo5未mei6食sik6飯faan6。Oh… not yet. I haven't eaten yet.
  5. WongTaai已ji5經ging1一jat1點dim2喇laa3！It's already one o'clock!
  6. Mike我ngo5啱ngaam1啱ngaam1起hei2身san1。I've only just got up.
  7. WongTaai去heoi3食sik6晏aan3晝zau3飯faan6啦laa1！Go and have lunch!
  8. Mike好hou2，我ngo5而ji4家gaa1去heoi3。OK, I'm going now.

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我叫咗喇。— I've already ordered.

  1. KaYanMike，呢ni1間gaan1餐caan1廳teng1好hou2好hou2！我ngo5叫giu3咗zo2喇laa3。Mike, this restaurant is great! I've already ordered.
  2. Mike你nei5叫giu3咗zo2乜mat1嘢je5呀aa3？What did you order?
  3. KaYan叉caa1燒siu1包baau1同tung4一jat1碟dip6菜coi3。Barbecued pork buns and a plate of vegetables.
  4. Mike叉caa1燒siu1包baau1甜tim4唔m4甜tim4呀aa3？Are the pork buns sweet?
  5. KaYan有jau5啲di1甜tim4。你nei5食sik6唔m4食sik6辣laat6呀aa3？A bit sweet. Do you eat spicy food?
  6. Mike食sik6少siu2少siu2。A little.
  7. KaYan我ngo5叫giu3咗zo2兩loeng5碗wun2麵min6，一jat1碗wun2辣laat6，一jat1碗wun2唔m4辣laat6。I also ordered two bowls of noodles: one spicy, one not.
  8. Mike唔m4辣laat6嗰go2碗wun2係hai6我ngo5嘅ge3！The one that isn't spicy is mine!

Vocabulary

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咗zo2

particledone (after a verb: 食咗 "have eaten")

未mei6

adverbnot yet

未mei6呀aa3

particle"… yet?" (question tag: 食咗飯未呀？); also the reply "not yet"

食sik6飯faan6

verbto have a meal, to eat

晏aan3晝zau3飯faan6

nounlunch

已ji5經ging1

adverbalready

啱ngaam1啱ngaam1

adverbjust (a moment ago)

餐caan1廳teng1

nounrestaurant

叉caa1燒siu1包baau1

nounbarbecued pork bun

辣laat6

adjectivespicy, hot

甜tim4

adjectivesweet

New characters

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咗zo2

done (after a verb)

未mei6

not yet

已ji5

already (in 已經)

經ging1

to pass through (in 已經)

啱ngaam1

right, just (in 啱啱 "just now")

叉caa1

fork (in 叉燒 "barbecued pork")

甜tim4

sweet

辣laat6

spicy

Grammar

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Done: verb + 咗

Explanation

咗 after a verb means it is done: 我食咗飯 "I've eaten", 我叫咗兩碗麵 "I've ordered two bowls of noodles". 咗 takes the place 緊 took in chapter 27: right after the verb, before the object. 叫咗兩碗麵, not 叫兩碗麵咗. 緊 is "in the middle of it"; 咗 is "done": 我食緊飯 "I'm eating", 我食咗飯 "I've eaten".

Examples

  • 我ngo5買maai5咗zo2一jat1件gin6衫saam1。I bought a top.
  • 佢keoi5去heoi3咗zo2街gaai1市si5。She's gone to the market.
  • 我ngo5飲jam2咗zo2兩loeng5杯bui1茶caa4。I've had two cups of tea.

Grammar

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"… yet?" and "not yet": 未

Explanation

To ask whether something has been done yet: verb + 咗 + … + 未呀？ 你食咗飯未呀？ "have you eaten yet?". If it is done, say the verb + 咗: 食咗. If not, say 未呀, or 未 + verb: 未呀，我未食 "not yet, I haven't eaten". Do not answer 冇: the question asks "done yet?", so the answer is "done" or "not yet".

Examples

  • 你nei5叫giu3咗zo2未mei6呀aa3？叫giu3咗zo2。Have you ordered yet? Yes.
  • 你nei5飲jam2咗zo2茶caa4未mei6呀aa3？未mei6呀aa3。Have you had your tea yet? Not yet.
  • 我ngo5未mei6食sik6晏aan3晝zau3飯faan6。I haven't had lunch yet.

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