Spanish · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 35
¿Cuánto comes?How much do you eat?
Talking about food and quantities. Vocabulary: la comida, la verdura, la carne, el pescado, el pan, la leche, el agua, el huevo, mucho, poco, un poco de. Key point: "mucho" and "poco" are adjectives: they agree in gender and number with what they measure. mucho pan, mucha leche, muchos huevos, muchas verduras; poco pan, poca carne, pocos huevos, pocas frutas. "un poco de" is fixed (never changes) and only for uncountable things: un poco de pan, un poco de agua. Careful: after mucho/poco you do NOT add "de" (mucha leche, not "mucho de leche"). English speakers, because "much / a lot of" does not change in English, leave "mucho" invariable: "mucho leche" ✗ → "mucha leche" ✓.
Dialogue
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Mucho leche / Mucha leche
- LucíaMike, ¿qué desayunas normalmente?Mike, what do you usually have for breakfast?
- MikePan con mucho leche.Bread with a lot of milk. (slip: "mucho" must agree — leche is feminine — "mucha leche")
- Lucía"Leche" es femenino, así que "mucha leche"."Leche" is feminine, so "mucha leche".
- MikeAh, claro: pan con mucha leche. Y muchos huevos.Ah, right: bread with a lot of milk. And lots of eggs.
- Lucía¡Muy bien! muchos huevos, muchas frutas: siempre concuerda.Very good! muchos huevos, muchas frutas: it always agrees.
- MikeEntendido. Y bebo un poco de café, no mucho.Understood. And I drink a little coffee, not a lot.
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La compra para la cena— Shopping for dinner
- CarlosLucía, ¿qué compramos para la cena?Lucía, what shall we buy for dinner?
- LucíaPescado y muchas verduras. Tenemos poca fruta también.Fish and lots of vegetables. We also have little fruit.
- CarlosVale. ¿Y carne? En casa hay poca.Okay. And meat? There is little at home.
- LucíaCompramos un poco de carne y muchos huevos.We buy a little meat and lots of eggs.
- CarlosPerfecto. Y pan, que comemos mucho pan.Perfect. And bread, since we eat a lot of bread.
- LucíaY un poco de agua con gas. ¡Vamos al mercado!And a little sparkling water. Let's go to the market!
Vocabulary
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- la comida
n.f.food, meal
- la verdura
n.f.vegetable
- la carne
n.f.meat
- el pescado
n.m.fish (food)
- el pan
n.m.bread
- la leche
n.f.milk
- el agua
n.m.water (fem.: el agua, but mucha agua)
- el huevo
n.m.egg
- mucho
adjectivemuch, a lot of
- poco
adjectivelittle, few
- un poco de
expr.a little (of)
Grammar
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Quantities: mucho, poco, un poco de
Explanation
"Mucho" and "poco" are quantity adjectives and agree with the noun in gender and number, like other adjectives. Four forms each: mucho / mucha / muchos / muchas, and poco / poca / pocos / pocas. With uncountables use the singular: "mucho pan", "mucha leche", "poca carne", "poca agua". With countables use the plural: "muchos huevos", "muchas verduras", "pocos amigos". Important: after mucho/poco do NOT add "de"; the noun comes directly: "mucha leche" (not "mucho de leche"). For a small amount of something uncountable there is the fixed formula "un poco de" (invariable): "un poco de pan", "un poco de agua", "un poco de sal". Typical mistake: in English "much / a lot of" does not change, so English speakers leave "mucho" without agreement: "Bebo mucho leche" ✗ → "Bebo mucha leche" ✓ (leche is feminine).
Examples
- Como muchas verduras y poca carne.I eat a lot of vegetables and little meat.
- Hay mucha leche pero pocos huevos.There is a lot of milk but few eggs.
- ¿Quieres un poco de pan?Do you want a little bread?
- Bebo mucha agua y un poco de café.I drink a lot of water and a little coffee.
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